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2019 merger of CBS and Viacom

The 2019 merger of CBS Corporation and Viacom was announced on August 13, 2019, and was completed on December 4, 2019. The merger of equals reunited CBS Corporation and Viacom into a single company known as ViacomCBS (today known as Paramount Global) after their separation from the first incarnation of Viacom on December 31, 2005. Both companies were owned by the theater company National Amusements, which remains the owner of the merged entity.

Initiator

US$15.4 billion

August 13, 2019

December 4, 2019

ViacomCBS (now Paramount Global)

Lasky Feature Play Company is founded

Paramount Pictures is founded

Famous Players and Lasky merge as Famous Players–Lasky and acquire Paramount

Famous Players–Lasky renamed to Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation; CBS is founded

Paramount acquires 49% of CBS

Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation renamed to Paramount Publix Corporation

Paramount sells back its shares of CBS

Gulf+Western is founded as the Michigan Bumper Corporation

Paramount Publix Corporation renamed to Paramount Pictures

Desilu is founded and CBS distributes its television programs

CBS creates the CBS Television Film Sales division

CBS Television Film Sales renamed to CBS Films

Gulf+Western acquires Paramount

Gulf+Western acquires Desilu and renames it Paramount Television (now CBS Studios)

CBS Films renamed to CBS Enterprises

CBS Enterprises renamed to Viacom

Viacom is spun off from CBS

National Amusements acquires Viacom

Gulf+Western renamed to Paramount Communications

Viacom acquires Paramount Communications

Westinghouse acquires CBS

Westinghouse renamed to CBS Corporation

Viacom acquires UPN and CBS Corporation

CBS Corporation shuts down UPN and replaces it with The CW

CBS Corporation sells CBS Radio to Entercom (now Audacy)

CBS Corporation and Viacom re-merge as ViacomCBS

ViacomCBS renamed to Paramount Global

History[edit]

Early discussions of a merger (September 2016–September 2018)[edit]

Efforts to re-merge the two conglomerates began on September 29, 2016, when National Amusements sent a letter to Viacom and CBS encouraging a re-merger of the two companies.[1] The proposal was later withdrawn on December 12 of that year.[2]


On January 12, 2018, CNBC reported that Viacom had re-entered talks to merge back into CBS Corporation, after the merger plan of AT&T-Time Warner and Disney's acquisition of most 21st Century Fox assets were announced. Viacom and CBS Corporation also faced heavy competition from companies such as Netflix and Amazon.[3] Shortly afterward, it was reported that the combined company could be a suitor for acquiring the film studio Lionsgate.[4] Viacom and Lionsgate were both interested in acquiring The Weinstein Company (TWC).[5] Following the Weinstein effect, Viacom was listed as one of 22 potential buyers that were interested in acquiring TWC.[5] They lost the bid, and on March 1, it was announced that Maria Contreras-Sweet would acquire all of TWC's assets for $500 million.[6][7]


On March 30, 2018, CBS made an all-stock offer slightly below Viacom's market value, insisting that its existing leadership, including long-time chairman and CEO Les Moonves, oversee the re-combined company. Viacom rejected the offer as too low, requesting a $2.8 billion increase and that Bob Bakish be maintained as president and COO under Moonves. These conflicts had resulted from Shari Redstone seeking more control over CBS and its leadership.[8][9]


Eventually, on May 14, 2018, CBS sued its and Viacom's parent company National Amusements and accused Redstone of abusing her voting power in the company and forcing a merger that was not supported by it or Viacom.[10][11] CBS also accused Redstone of discouraging Verizon Communications from acquiring it, which could have been beneficial to its shareholders.[12]


On May 23, 2018, Les Moonves explained that he considered the Viacom channels to be an "albatross," and while he favored more content for CBS All Access (now Paramount+), he believed that there were better deals for CBS than the Viacom deal, such as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), Lionsgate Films or Sony Pictures. Moonves also considered Bakish a threat because he did not want an ally of Redstone as a board member of the combined company.[13]

Talks following Les Moonves' resignation (September 2018–August 2019)[edit]

On September 9, 2018, Les Moonves exited CBS following multiple accusations of sexual assault. National Amusements agreed to make no proposal of a CBS-Viacom merger for at least two years after the date of the settlement.[14]


On May 30, 2019, CNBC reported that CBS Corporation and Viacom would explore merger discussions in mid-June. CBS's board of directors was revamped with people who were open to merging; the re-merger was made possible with the resignation of Moonves, who had opposed all merger attempts. The talks had started following rumors of CBS acquiring Starz from Lionsgate.[15] Reports said that CBS and Viacom reportedly set August 8 as an informal deadline for reaching an agreement to recombine the two media companies.[16][17] CBS announced to acquire Viacom as part of the re-merger deal for up to $15.4 billion.[18]


On August 2, 2019, it was reported that CBS and Viacom agreed to merge back into one entity. Both companies came to an agreement on the management team for the merger, with Bob Bakish serving as CEO of the combined company with president and acting CEO of CBS, Joseph Ianniello, overseeing CBS-branded assets.[19] On August 7, CBS and Viacom separately reported their quarterly earnings as the talks about the re-merger continued.[20][21]

Completion (August 2019–December 2019)[edit]

On August 13, 2019, CBS and Viacom officially announced their merger; the combined company was named ViacomCBS; Shari Redstone serves as the chairwoman of the new company.[22][23][24] Upon the merger agreement, Viacom and CBS jointly announced they expected the transaction to close by the end of 2019, pending regulatory and shareholder approvals.[24] Such mergers require approval by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).[24]


On October 28, 2019, the merger was approved by National Amusements, which then announced the deal would close in early December; the recombined company will trade its shares on NASDAQ under the symbols "VIAC" and "VIACA" after CBS Corporation delisted its shares on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).[25][26] On November 25, 2019, Viacom and CBS announced that the merger would close on December 4, and its shares began to trading on NASDAQ on December 5.[27][28] The merger officially closed on December 4, 2019.[29]

CBS Studios

Showtime Networks

CBS Entertainment Group

MTV

VH1

Paramount Television (second incarnation by Viacom) – renamed to avoid confusion with the first incarnation (now CBS Studios).

Paramount Television Studios

Paramount Streaming

CBS Consumer Products and Nickelodeon & Viacom Consumer Products (NVCP) are merged; eventually rebranded as ViacomCBS Consumer Products (later )

Paramount Consumer Products

CBS Cable Networks and Viacom Media Networks are merged; with eventually rebranded as ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks (later )

Paramount Media Networks

a similar media merger but entirely vertical scale.

Acquisition of NBC Universal by Comcast

a corporate act of The Walt Disney Company which acquired most of 21st Century Fox assets, mostly film and television studios and entertainment pay-TV channels.

Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney

Concentration of media ownership