2021 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
The 2021 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was divided one half awarded to the American-Canadian David Card (born 1956) "for his empirical contributions to labour economics", the other half jointly to Israeli-American Joshua Angrist (born 1960) and Dutch-American Guido W. Imbens (born 1962) "for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships."[2][3][4][5] The Nobel Committee stated their reason behind the decision, saying:
Card's key contributions on economics were the natural experiments on labour economics (including difference in differences). Angrist and Imbens' contributions were on the local average treatment effect and natural experiments to estimate causal links.[3][4]