Abu Omar al-Baghdadi
Abu Omar al-Baghdadi (Arabic: أبو عمر البغدادي, romanized: ʾAbū ʿUmar al-Baghdādī; /ˈɑːbuː ˈoʊmɑːr ɑːl bɑːɡˈdɑːdi/ AH-boo OH-mar ahl bahg-DAHD-ee; 1959 – 18 April 2010), born Hamid Dawud Mohamed Khalil al-Zawi (Arabic: حَمِيدُ دَاوُدَ مُحَمَّدُ خَلِيلِ ٱلزَّاوِيِّ, romanized: Ḥamīd Dāwud Muḥammad Ḵalīl az-Zāwī) was an Iraqi militant who was the Emir of the Islamic militant umbrella organization Mujahideen Shura Council (MSC),[3][4][5] and its successor, the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI), which fought against the U.S.-led Coalition forces during the Iraqi insurgency.
Not to be confused with the Islamic State leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.
Abu Omar al-Baghdadi
Position established
Position dissolved
Position established
Position dissolved
حَامِدُ دَاوُدَ مُحَمَّدُ خَلِيلِ ٱلزَّاوِيِّ
1959
Al-Zawiyah, Al-Anbar Governorate, Iraq
18 April 2010 (aged 50–51)
Tikrit, Saladin Governorate, Iraq
Ba'athist Iraq (until late 1980s or early 1990s)
Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah (2004–2006)
Mujahideen Shura Council (January 2006–October 2006)
Islamic State of Iraq (2006–2010)
Iraqi Police (–late 1980s/early 1990s)
Islamic State of Iraq (2006–2010)
Police officer (–late 1980s/early 1990s)
Emir of the Islamic State of Iraq
Controversy over identity[edit]
In July 2007, U.S. military spokesman Brigadier General Kevin Bergner, claimed that Abu Omar al-Baghdadi did not actually exist, and that all of his audio statements were actually read by an elderly Iraqi actor.[12][13]
The detainee identified as Khaled al-Mashhadani, a self-proclaimed intermediary to Osama bin Laden, claimed that al-Baghdadi was a fictional character created to give an Iraqi face to a foreign-run group.[14] In March 2008, the spokesman for a rival insurgent organization, Hamas of Iraq, also claimed that al-Baghdadi was a fabrication made by Al-Qaeda to put an Iraqi face on their organization.[15] However, US military officials later came to believe that the position of al-Baghdadi had been back-filled by an actual commander.[16]
Reports of arrest or death[edit]
The Interior Ministry of Iraq claimed that al-Baghdadi was captured in Baghdad on 9 March 2007,[17] but it was later said that the person in question was not him.[18] On 3 May 2007, the Iraqi Interior Ministry said that al-Baghdadi had been killed by American and Iraqi forces north of Baghdad.[19] On 23 April 2009, Agence France-Presse reported that he had been arrested by the Iraqi military,[20] and on 28 April the Government of Iraq produced photos to prove it to skeptics. The claim was denied by the Islamic State in Iraq,[21] which according to the SITE Intelligence Group, released a recording of al-Baghdadi denying the government's claims. The Iraqi government continued to insist that the man captured was indeed Baghdadi,[22] however tapes and messages from Baghdadi were released throughout 2009 and 2010.[23][24]
Death[edit]
On 18 April 2010, Abu Omar was killed when a joint operation of US and Iraqi forces rocketed a safe house 10 kilometres (6 mi) southwest of Tikrit. ISI Minister of War Abu Ayyub al-Masri and Abu Omar's son were also killed in the attack and 16 others were arrested.[25]
Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki announced the killings of Abu Omar and Abu Ayyub at a news conference in Baghdad and showed reporters photographs of their corpses. "The attack was carried out by ground forces which surrounded the house, and also through the use of missiles", al-Maliki said. "During the operation computers were seized with e-mails and messages to the two biggest terrorists, Osama bin Laden and [his deputy] Ayman al-Zawahiri", al-Maliki added. U.S. forces commander Gen. Raymond T. Odierno praised the operation. "The death of these terrorists is potentially the most significant blow to al-Qaeda in Iraq since the beginning of the insurgency", he said. "There is still work to do but this is a significant step forward in ridding Iraq of terrorists". ISI spokesman Abu Muhammad al-Adnani also confirmed both of their deaths in an audiotape released on a jihadist forum website.
Vice president Joe Biden said that the killings were "potentially devastating" blows to the terror network there and proof that Iraqi security forces are gaining ground.[26][27] On 25 April 2010, a four-page statement by the Islamic State of Iraq was posted on a militant website early Sunday confirmed the death of Abu Ayyub and Abu Omar, saying "After a long journey filled with sacrifices and fighting falsehood and its representatives, two knights have dismounted to join the group of martyrs," the statement said. "We announce that the Muslim nation has lost two of the leaders of jihad, and two of its men, who are only known as heroes on the path of jihad."
The ISI sharia minister, Abu al-Walid Abd al-Wahhab al-Mashadani, said the two leaders were attending a meeting when enemy forces engaged them in battle and launched an airstrike on their location.[28] Abu Omar was succeeded by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, who later declared himself as the "caliph" of the Islamic State (IS) organization.[29]