Admiral of the Navy
Admiral of the Navy was the highest-possible rank in the United States Navy, prior to the creation of fleet admiral in 1944. The rank is considered to be at least equivalent to that of a five-star admiral,[2] with Admiral George Dewey being the only officer to be appointed to the rank.[3]
This article is about the former U.S. Navy rank. For other uses of the rank "Admiral", see Admiral.
Admiral of the Navy
United States
January 16, 1917[1]
History[edit]
Post-Spanish American War[edit]
The rank has only been awarded once, to George Dewey, in recognition of his victory at Manila Bay in 1898.[3] On March 2, 1899, Congress approved the creation of the grade of Admiral of the Navy.[4] On March 3, President McKinley transmitted to the Senate his nomination of Dewey for the new grade, which was approved the same day.[5] But McKinley's nomination had used the term "Admiral in the Navy," while the act creating the new grade had used "Admiral of the Navy." On March 14, 1903, this discrepancy was addressed when President Roosevelt nominated and the Senate approved Dewey to the grade of "Admiral of the Navy," retroactive to March 2, 1899.[6] The Navy Register of 1904 listed Dewey for the first time as "Admiral of the Navy" instead of
"Admiral."[7]
Though this clarified the grade's unique title, the precedence of the new rank was still considered "four star", equivalent to general in the army, in the US Navy Regulations of 1909.[8] In the U.S. Navy Regulations of 1913, the gun salute for Admiral of the Navy was set to 19,[2] the equivalent salute for a British field marshal or admiral of the fleet.[9] More four-star officers were appointed after an act authorizing the temporary grade of admiral for three fleet commanders-in-chief was passed in 1915.[10]
In terms of insignia, Dewey appears in a photograph soon after his promotion wearing the sleeve stripes last worn by Admiral David Dixon Porter, which are the same as present-day admirals (one two-inch band with three half-inch stripes above). When a new edition of US Navy Uniform Regulations was issued in May 1899, the sleeve insignia for admiral was specified as "two strips of 2-inch gold lace, with one 1-inch strip between, set one-quarter of an inch apart."[11] In the 1905 Uniform Regulations, a similar description was used but with the title "Admiral of the Navy."[12] The collar and shoulder insignia were four silver stars, with gold foul anchors under the two outermost stars.