Alice Marie Johnson
Alice Marie Johnson (born May 30, 1955)[2] is an American criminal justice reform advocate and former federal prisoner. She was convicted in 1996 for her involvement in a Memphis cocaine trafficking organization and sentenced to life imprisonment. In June 2018, after serving 21 years in prison, she was released from the Federal Correctional Institution, Aliceville, after President Donald Trump granted her clemency, thereby commuting her sentence, effective immediately.[3][4]
Alice Marie Johnson
American
- Conspiracy to possess cocaine with intent to distribute
- Attempted possession of cocaine with intent to distribute
- Attempted possession of cocaine (3 counts)
- Conspiracy to commit money laundering
- Money laundering
- Structuring monetary transactions[1]
(Pardoned from all convictions)
- Life imprisonment without the possibility of parole (1996)
- Commuted to 21 years in prison (2018; pardoned in 2020)
Early life, crime, and sentence[edit]
Johnson was born in Mississippi, and her memoirs recount growing up as one of nine children of sharecroppers, becoming pregnant as a sophomore in high school, and later working as a secretary.[5] At the time of her arrest, she was a single mother of five children.[6]
Johnson told Mic in 2017 that she had become involved in the drug trade after she had lost her job at FedEx, where she had worked for ten years, due to a gambling addiction; this was followed by a divorce and the loss of her youngest son in a motorcycle accident.[7] She filed for bankruptcy in 1991, and foreclosure of her house followed.[8]
Johnson was arrested in 1993 and convicted in 1996 of eight federal criminal counts relating to her involvement in a Memphis, Tennessee-based cocaine trafficking organization.[6] In addition to drug conspiracy counts, she was convicted of money laundering and structuring, the latter crime because of her purchase of a house with a down payment structured to avoid hitting a $10,000 reporting threshold.[6] The Memphis operation involved over a dozen individuals.[9] The indictment, which named 16 defendants,[10] described her as a leader in a multi-million dollar cocaine ring, and detailed dozens of drug transactions and deliveries.[11] Evidence presented at trial showed that the Memphis operation was connected to Colombian drug dealers based in Texas.[12] She was sentenced to life imprisonment without parole in 1997. At the sentencing hearing, U.S. District Judge Julia Gibbons said that Johnson was "the quintessential entrepreneur" in an operation that dealt in 2,000 to 3,000 kilograms of cocaine, with a "very significant" impact on the community.[12] Co-defendants Curtis McDonald and Jerlean McNeil were sentenced to life and 19 years in federal prison, respectively.[12] A number of other co-defendants who testified against Johnson received sentences between probation and 10 years.[6] Following her conviction, Johnson acknowledged that she was an intermediary in the drug trafficking organization, but said she did not actually make deals or sell drugs.[13]
Imprisonment[edit]
Johnson became a grandmother and great-grandmother while imprisoned.[6] She exhibited good behavior in prison.[14] In a memoir written after her release, she wrote that she served time at the Federal Medical Center, Carswell, the federal prison hospital in Texas, where she became a certified hospice worker, and was subsequently transferred to FCI Aliceville to be closer to family.[15] In letters supporting her bid for clemency, staff members at FCI Aliceville wrote that Johnson did not commit any disciplinary infractions during her incarceration at FCI Aliceville.[16] Johnson participated in a pilot program, introduced in 2016 by Deputy Attorney General Sally Yates, that provided videoconferencing access to certain female federal prisoners.[17] The program allowed the online publication Mic to record a video interview with her that went viral and brought her case to public attention.[17] She also used Skype while imprisoned to speak at Hunter College, Yale, and other audiences.[18] During her time in prison, she became an ordained minister, and credited her grant of clemency to divine intervention.[19]
Memoir and activism[edit]
Since her release, Johnson has become an advocate for criminal justice reform in the United States, often invoking her personal experience. The month after her release, in July 2018, she called for an end to mandatory sentencing.[27] In September 2019, she met with Governor Bill Lee of Tennessee to promote greater access to expungement and prisoner education and reduction in barriers to reentry, and to express concerns about the cash bail system.[28]
Johnson also advocates for the inclusion of female voices in the conversation around criminal justice reform.[29] Ahead of International Women's Day 2019, UN Women featured her story as part of its "Courage to Question" series.[30]
In May 2019, memoirs written by Johnson with Nancy French, entitled After Life: My Journey From Incarceration To Freedom, were published by HarperCollins, with a foreword written by Kim Kardashian.[5][15] A Kirkus review of the autobiography described the work as "A moving, inspirational story that makes a powerful argument for sentencing reform."[5]
In the final days of the Donald Trump's presidency in 2020, Lyn Ulbricht mentioned that she was seeking clemency for her son Ross from the outgoing president. Lyn Ulbricht stated that she had the support of numerous signatories, including Johnson.[31]
