Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
The Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War consisted of a series of multi-national military expeditions that began in 1918. The initial impetus behind the interventions was to secure munitions and supply depots from falling into the German Empire's hands, particularly after the Bolsheviks signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, and to rescue the Allied forces that had become trapped within Russia after the 1917 October Revolution.[18] After the Armistice of 11 November 1918, the Allied plan changed to helping the White forces in the Russian Civil War. After the Whites collapsed, the Allies withdrew their forces from Russia by 1925.[19]
Allied troops landed in Arkhangelsk (the North Russia intervention of 1918–1919) and in Vladivostok (as part of the Siberian intervention of 1918–1922). The British also intervened in the Baltic theatre (1918–1919) and in the Caucasus (1917–1919). French-led Allied forces participated in the Southern Russia intervention (1918–1919).
Allied efforts were hampered by divided objectives, war-weariness after World War I, and a rising discontent among some troops and sailors who were reluctant to fight the world's first socialist state; this reluctance sometimes led to mutiny.[according to who] These factors, together with the evacuation of the Czechoslovak Legion in September 1920, led the western Allied powers to end the North Russia and Siberian interventions in 1920, though the Japanese intervention in Siberia continued until 1922 and the Empire of Japan continued to occupy the northern half of Sakhalin until 1925.[20]
1,500 French and British troops originally landed in Arkhangelsk
[42]
14,378 British troops in North Russia
[43]
1,800 British troops in Siberia
[44]
15,000 French also in the
Southern Russia intervention
40,000 British troops in the Caucasus region by January 1919
[8]
70,000+ Japanese soldiers in the Eastern region
4,192 Canadians in Siberia, 600 Canadians in Arkhangelsk
[51]
2,300 Chinese troops in Vladivostok
[52]
Numbers of foreign soldiers who were present in the indicated regions of Russia:
British Empire
Royal Navy
United States
Polar Bear Expedition
France: 2,000 personnel, mainly from the Armée coloniale (e.g. the 21st Colonial Battalion) and engineers.
French Army
Other countries: 1,000 Serbian and attached to White Russian forces in the north (as distinct to those in Siberia forces, which included the Czechoslovak Legion); 1,200 Italians, a small number of volunteers from other countries.
Polish infantry
Arthur Sullivan (Australian soldier)
Australian contribution to the Allied Intervention in Russia 1918–1919
British campaign in the Baltic (1918–1919)
Canadian Siberian Expeditionary Force
Italian Legione Redenta
Japanese intervention in Siberia
American Expeditionary Force, North Russia
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British Military Involvement in Transcaspia: 1918–1919
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The First World Oil War
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ISSN
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{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
ISSN
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ISBN
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From Victoria to Vladivostok: Canada's Siberian Expedition, 1917–19
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"Mutiny from Victoria to Vladivostok, December 1918"
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excerpt
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