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American Battle Monuments Commission

The American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) is an independent agency of the United States government that administers, operates, and maintains permanent U.S. military cemeteries, memorials and monuments primarily outside the United States.[2]

"ABMC" redirects here. For other uses, see Archivio Biblioteca Museo Civico.

Agency overview

1923 (1923)

"Time will not dim the glory of their deeds."

472 (2023)[1]

$73.1 million (2023)[1]

There were 26 cemeteries and 31 memorials, monuments and markers under the care of the ABMC. There are more than 140,000 U.S. servicemen and servicewomen interred at the cemeteries, and more than 94,000 missing in action, or lost or buried at sea are memorialized on cemetery Walls of the Missing and on three memorials in the United States. The ABMC also maintains an online database of names associated with each site.[3]

Commemorate the services of the where they have served since April 6, 1917;

U.S. armed forces

Establish suitable ; designing, constructing, operating, and maintaining permanent U.S. military burial grounds in foreign countries;

War memorials

Control the design and construction of U.S. military monuments and markers in foreign countries by other and organizations, both public and private;

U.S. citizens

Encourage the maintenance of such monuments and markers by their sponsors.

The ABMC was established by the United States Congress in 1923. Its purpose is to:[2]


The United States Department of War established eight European burial grounds for World War I. The ABMC's first program was landscaping and erecting non-sectarian chapels at each of the eight sites, constructing 11 separate monuments and two tablets at other sites in Europe, and constructing the Allied Expeditionary Forces World War I Memorial in Washington, D.C.[3] For those buried who could not be identified during World War I, a percentage were commemorated by Star of David markers, rather than a cross; this practice was not continued for those who could not be identified during World War II.[4]


In 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed an executive order transferring control of the eight cemeteries to the ABMC, and made the commission responsible for the design, construction, maintenance and operation of all future permanent American military burial grounds outside the United States.


The ABMC has been the caretaker of cemeteries, monuments and memorials for World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the Mexican–American War. In 2013, Clark Veterans Cemetery in the Philippines became the 25th site under the control of the commission. Clark Veterans Cemetery dates back to the Philippine–American War at the turn of the 20th century.[5] The Lafayette Escadrille Memorial Cemetery outside Paris, France was added to the commission's responsibilities in 2017.[6]

(1923–1948)

John J. Pershing

(1949–1959)

George C. Marshall

(1960–1969)

Jacob L. Devers

(1969–1984)

Mark W. Clark

(1985–1990)

Andrew Goodpaster

(1991–1994, 2001–2005)

Paul X. Kelley

(1994–2001)

Frederick F. Woerner Jr.

(2005–2009)

Frederick M. Franks Jr.

(2010–2018)[8]

Merrill McPeak

(2018–2021)[9]

David Urban

(2021–2023)[10]

Mark Hertling

(2023–present)

Michael X. Garrett

Operations[edit]

The American Battle Monuments Commission employs a full-time staff of 472 people in 2023.[1] All ABMC sites are open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., seven days a week, with the exception of Christmas Day and New Year's Day. Cemeteries are not closed for national holidays. When the sites are open to the public, a commission staff member is available to escort visitors and relatives to grave and memorial sites or to answer questions.

American War Memorials Overseas

National Register of Historic Places

Nishiura, Elizabeth, editor (1989). American Battle Monuments: A Guide to Military Cemeteries and Monuments Maintained by the American Battle Monuments Commission. Detroit, Michigan: Omnigraphics Inc.  978-1558888128. OCLC 20504222

ISBN

(2009). PBS video of 11 America's overseas military cemeteries in eight countries.

Hallowed Grounds

American Battle Monuments Commission (1938). . U.S.G.P.O.Selected photos available online through the Washington State Library's Classics in Washington History collection

American armies and battlefields in Europe: a history, guide, and reference book

American Battle Monuments Commission (1938). . U.S.G.P.O. Maps available online through the Washington State Office of the Secretary of State's Washington History collection

American armies and battlefields in Europe: a history, guide, and reference book

Sledge, Michael (2005). Soldier Dead: How We Recover, Identify, Bury, and Honor Our Military Fallen. Columbia University Press.  0-231-13514-9. OCLC 81452881.

ISBN

Official website