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American Relief Administration

American Relief Administration (ARA) was an American relief mission to Europe and later post-revolutionary Russia after World War I. Herbert Hoover, future president of the United States, was the program director.

Founded

  • 1919 (1919)

United States Congress

Non-governmental organization, Non-profit organization

Humanitarianism

Europe, Russia

Aid

Herbert Hoover, future president

The ARA's immediate predecessor was the important United States Food Administration, also headed by Hoover. He and some of his collaborators had already gained useful experience by running the Commission for Relief in Belgium which fed seven million Belgians and two million northern French during World War I.


ARA was formed by United States Congress on February 24, 1919, with a budget of 100 million dollars ($1,757,000,000 in 2024). Its budget was boosted by private donations, which resulted in another 100 million dollars. In the immediate aftermath of the war, the ARA delivered more than four million tons of relief supplies to 23 war-torn European countries. Between 1919 and 1921, Arthur Cuming Ringland was chief of mission in Europe.[1] ARA ended its operations outside Russia in 1922; it operated in Russia until 1923.

Foreign policy of Herbert Hoover

American Committee for Relief in the Near East

The President's Economic Mission to Germany and Austria

Hoover Institution Library and Archives

GARIOA

UNRRA

Marshall Plan

People

Bruno Cabanes. "The hungry and the sick: Herbert Hoover, the Russian famine, and the professionalization of humanitarian aid" in Bruno Cabanes, The Great War and the Origins of Humanitarianism, 1918-1924 (Cambridge UP, 2014) 189–247.

A.C. Freeman, New York Call Magazine, Aug 7, 1921, pp. 1, 11.

"Is Hoover Bringing Russia Food or Reaction?"

H.H. Fisher, The Famine in Soviet Russia, 1919–1923: The Operations of the American Relief Administration. New York: Macmillan, 1927.

War, Revolution, and Peace in Russia: The Passages of Frank Golder, 1914–1927. Terence Emmons and Bertrand M. Patenaude (eds.). Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1992.

Frank Golder

. The Life of Herbert Hoover: The Humanitarian, 1914–1917 (1988)

George H. Nash

Nash, George H. "An American Epic’: Herbert Hoover and Belgian Relief in World War I." Prologue 21 (1989).

online

Bertrand M. Patenaude. The Big Show in Bololand. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2002.

Bertrand M. Patenaude, "A Race against Anarchy: Even after the Great War ended, famine and chaos threatened Europe. Herbert Hoover rescued the continent, reviving trade, rebuilding infrastructure, and restoring economic order, holding a budding Bolshevism in check." Hoover Digest 2 (2020): 183-200

online

NN, The New York Times, September 14, 1919, pg. 47.

"Vastness of Hoover’s Work Realized as He Returns,"

NN, New York Times, January 22, 1920, pg. 27.

"Bankers to Handle 'Food Draft' Sales,"

NN, New York Times, September 7, 1920, pg. 1.

"$8,000,000 Distributed In Food Drafts for Germany,"

Frank M. Surface and Raymond L. Bland, American Food in the World War and Reconstruction Period. Operations of the Organizations Under the Direction of Herbert Hoover 1914 to 1924, Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 1931. ; 1034 detailed pages

online

Smith, Douglas (2019). (1st ed.). New York. ISBN 978-0-374-71838-1. OCLC 1127566378.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

The Russian job : the forgotten story of how America saved the Soviet Union from ruin

Усманов Н.В. Деятельность Американской администрации помощи в Башкирии во время голода 1921—1923 гг. Бирск, 2004;