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Ancient Egyptian architecture

Spanning over three thousand years, ancient Egypt was not one stable civilization but in constant change and upheaval, commonly split into periods by historians. Likewise, ancient Egyptian architecture is not one style, but a set of styles differing over time but with some commonalities.

Years active

c. 3100 BC-300 AD

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The best known example of ancient Egyptian architecture are the Egyptian pyramids and Sphinx, while excavated temples, palaces, tombs, and fortresses have also been studied. Most buildings were built of locally available mud brick and limestone by paid laborers and craftsmen.[1][2] Monumental buildings were built using the post and lintel method of construction. Many buildings were aligned astronomically.[3] Columns were typically adorned with capitals decorated to resemble plants important to Egyptian civilization, such as the papyrus plant.


Ancient Egyptian architectural motifs have influenced architecture elsewhere, reaching the wider world first during the Orientalizing period and again during the nineteenth-century Egyptomania.

The well preserved first pylon at the Temple of Isis in Philae, serving as a monumental gateway to the temple complex

The well preserved first pylon at the Temple of Isis in Philae, serving as a monumental gateway to the temple complex

Winged sun on a cavetto from the Medinet Habu temple complex. The winged sun represents a form of the falcon god Horus, son of Isis, triumphant over his enemies. The image was also a common protective device over temple entrances.

Winged sun on a cavetto from the Medinet Habu temple complex. The winged sun represents a form of the falcon god Horus, son of Isis, triumphant over his enemies. The image was also a common protective device over temple entrances.

Art of ancient Egypt

List of ancient Egyptian sites

Urban planning in ancient Egypt

Coptic architecture

Egyptian Revival decorative arts

Center for Documentation of Cultural and Natural Heritage

Arnold, Dieter (2003). Strudwick, Nigel; Strudwick, Helen (eds.). . Translated by Gardiner, Sabine H.; Strudwick, Helen. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11488-0.

The encyclopedia of ancient Egyptian architecture

McKenzie, Judith (2007). . Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11555-0.

The Architecture of Alexandria and Egypt, c. 300 BC to AD 700

Murray, Margaret (2013). . Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-72293-9.

Egyptian Temples

Seidel, Matthias (2015). "The Valley of the Kings". In Schulz, Regine; Seidel, Matthias (eds.). Egypt: The World of the Pharaohs. h.f.ullmann. pp. 217–243.

Stadelmann, Reiner (2015). "Royal Tombs from the Age of the Pyramids". In Schulz, Regine; Seidel, Matthias (eds.). Egypt: The World of the Pharaohs. h.f.ullmann. pp. 47–77.

Strudwick, Nigel; Strudwick, Helen (1999). . Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-3693-2.

Thebes in Egypt: A Guide to the Tombs and Temples of Ancient Luxor

Wildung, Dietrich (2009). Egypt: From Prehistory to the Romans. Taschen.  978-3-8365-1030-1.

ISBN

Arnold, Dieter (2003). The encyclopedia of ancient Egyptian architecture. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.  9781860644658.

ISBN

; Cruickshank, Dan, Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture, Architectural Press, 20th edition, 1996 (first published 1896). ISBN 0-7506-2267-9. Cf. Part One, Chapter 3.

Fletcher, Banister

Hill, Marsha (2007). . New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1-58839-231-2.

Gifts for the gods: images from Egyptian temples

Belmonte, Juan Antonio; Shaltout, Mosalam; Fekri, Magdi (2009). "Astronomy, landscape and symbolism: a study of the orientation of ancient Egyptian temples". In Belmonte, Juan Antonio; Shaltout, M. A. Mosalam (eds.). In Search of Cosmic Order: Selected Essays on Egyptian Archaeoastronomy. Supreme Council of Antiquities Press. pp. 213–284. :2009iscc.book..213B. ISBN 978-977-479-483-4.

Bibcode

AEgArOn - Ancient Egyptian Architecture Online, open source project