Anne-Marie Slaughter
Anne-Marie Slaughter (born September 27, 1958) is an American international lawyer, foreign policy analyst, political scientist, and public commentator. From 2002 to 2009, she was the dean of Princeton University's School of Public and International Affairs and the Bert G. Kerstetter '66 university professor of politics and international affairs.[1][2][3] Slaughter was the first woman to serve as the director of policy planning for the U.S. State Department from January 2009 until February 2011 under U.S. secretary of state Hillary Clinton.[1][4] She is a former president of the American Society of International Law and the current president and CEO of New America (formerly the New America Foundation).[5]
For the American diplomat, see Anne Slaughter Andrew.
Anne-Marie Slaughter
September 27, 1958
Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.
Slaughter has received several awards for her work including: the Woodrow Wilson School R.W. van de Velde Award, 1979; the Thomas Jefferson Medal in Law, University of Virginia and Thomas Jefferson Foundation, 2007; Distinguished Service Medal, U.S. Secretary of state 2011; Louis B. Sohn Award for Public International Law, American Bar association, 2012.[6]
As author and editor Slaughter has worked on eight books, including A New World Order (2004); The Idea That Is America: Keeping Faith with Our Values in a Dangerous World (2007); Unfinished Business: Women, Men, Work, Family (2015); The Chessboard and the Web: Strategies of Connection in a Dangerous World (2017), as well as many scholarly articles. She revived a national debate over gender equality in the twenty-first century in an article in The Atlantic titled "Why Women Still Can't Have it All."[7] Slaughter is on the global advisory board[8] of Oxford University's journal Global Summitry: Politics, Economics, and Law in International Governance.
Early life, family and honors[edit]
Slaughter was born and raised in Charlottesville, Virginia, the daughter of a Belgian mother, Anne Marie Denise Limbosch, and an American father, Edward Ratliff Slaughter Jr., a lawyer.[9][10][11][12][13] Her paternal grandfather was Edward Slaughter, a football player, athletic coach, and professor of physical education.[14] She is married to Princeton politics professor Andrew Moravcsik, with whom she has two children: Alex and Michael Moravcsik.[15][16]
Slaughter is a 1976 graduate of St. Anne's-Belfield School in Charlottesville, Virginia. She graduated magna cum laude with an AB from the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University in 1980, where she also received a certificate in European cultural studies.[17] Mentored by Richard H. Ullman,[18] she won the Daniel M. Sachs Memorial Scholarship, which provides for two years of study at Worcester College, Oxford.[19] After receiving her MPhil in international affairs from Oxford in 1982, she studied at Harvard Law School and graduated cum laude with a JD in 1985. She continued at Harvard as a researcher for her academic mentor, international lawyer Abram Chayes. In 1992, she received her DPhil in international relations from Oxford.[20][21]
Slaughter received honorary degrees from the University of Miami in 2006, the University of Warwick in 2013, and Tufts University in 2014.[22] She also won the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Medal in 2007. She is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Academic career[edit]
Scholarship and teaching[edit]
Slaughter served on the faculty of the University of Chicago Law School from 1989 to 1994 and then as J. Sinclair Armstrong Professor of International, Foreign, and Comparative Law on the faculty of Harvard Law School from 1994 to 2002. She then moved to Princeton to serve as dean of the Woodrow Wilson School, the first woman to hold that position. She held that post from 2002 to 2009, when she accepted an appointment at the US State Department. During the academic year 2007–2008, Slaughter was a visiting fellow at the Shanghai Institute for International Affairs.[23] In 2011, she returned to Princeton as a professor.
As a scholar, Slaughter has had a focus on integrating the study of international relations and international law, using international relations theory in international legal theory. In addition, she has written extensively on European Union politics, network theories of world politics, transjudicial communication, liberal theories of international law and international relations, American foreign policy, international law, and various types of policy analysis. She has written books: International Law and International Relations (2000), A New World Order (2004), The Idea that is America: Keeping Faith with our Values in a Dangerous World (2007), and The Crisis of American Foreign Policy: Wilsonianism in the Twenty-first Century (with G. John Ikenberry, Thomas J. Knock, and Tony Smith) (2008), as well as three edited volumes on international relations and international law, and over one hundred extended articles in scholarly and policy journals or books.
At Princeton University, she held joint appointments with the Politics Department and the Woodrow Wilson School, where she teaches and advises PhD, Masters and undergraduate students.
She returned to Harvard Kennedy School as a Fisher Family Fellow in 2011–2012 for the Future of Diplomacy Project at the Belfer Center.
Administration[edit]
Slaughter was director of the International Legal Studies Program at Harvard Law School from 1994 to 2002, and a professor at Harvard Kennedy School from 2001 to 2002.
During her tenure as dean of the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton's international relations faculty hired scholars including Robert Keohane, Helen Milner, and G. John Ikenberry. Other hires included Aaron Friedberg and Thomas Christensen. Slaughter was responsible for the creation of several research centers in international political economy and national security, the joint PhD program in social policy, the Global Fellows program, and the Scholars in the Nation's Service Initiative.
In late 2005, over 100 Princeton students and faculty signed an open letter to Slaughter and Princeton president Shirley M. Tilghman criticizing the university in general and the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs in particular of biasing selection of invited speakers in favor of those supportive of the George W. Bush administration.[24] Slaughter responded to these claims by pointing to the dozens of public lectures by independent academics, journalists, and other analysts that the Wilson School hosts each academic year.[25] Others noted that, with Bush's Republican Party controlling the presidency and both houses of Congress, many of the most influential people in the federal government, and in the international relations apparatus in particular, were necessarily administration supporters. In 2003 the Woodrow Wilson School hosted an art exhibit titled "Ricanstructions" that opponents of the exhibit claimed was "offensive to Catholics" and desecrated Christian symbols. Slaughter defended the exhibit.[26]
From 2002 to 2004, Slaughter served as president of the American Society of International Law. She was also one of the early members on the Centre for International Governance Innovation international board of directors.
Career at the State Department[edit]
On 23 January 2009, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton announced the appointment of Slaughter as the new director of policy planning under the Obama administration.[1] Slaughter was the first woman to hold this position.
At the State Department, Slaughter was chief architect of the Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review whose first iteration was released in December 2010.[27][28] The QDDR provided a blueprint for elevating development as a pillar of American foreign policy and leading through civilian power. Commenting upon the skepticism that often greets such reports, and reiterating Secretary Clinton's strong desire that the QDDR become an essential part of the State Department policy process, Slaughter said: "I'm pretty sure you're thinking, 'I've heard this before,' [a big plan to change the way a government agency works] But this is different."[28] Slaughter received the Secretary's Distinguished Service Award for exceptional leadership and professional competence, the highest honor conferred by the State Department. She also received a Meritorious Honor Award from the U.S. Agency for International Development for her outstanding contribution to development policy.
In February 2011, at the conclusion of her two-year public service leave, Slaughter returned to Princeton University. She remains a consultant for the State Department and sits on the secretary of state's Foreign Policy Advisory Board.[29] She has written that she came "home not only because of Princeton's rules (after two years of leave, you lose your tenure), but also because of my desire to be with my family and my conclusion that juggling high-level government work with the needs of two teenage boys was not possible."[30]
A 2015 article in Marie Claire magazine quoted Hillary Clinton as saying that "other women don't break a sweat" and choose to stay working in stressful government jobs. Since the article discussed Anne-Marie Slaughter in the same paragraph, Slaughter mentioned that she was "devastated" by the idea that Clinton had been referring to her specifically. After hearing confirmation from Clinton that the quotation was taken out of context, Slaughter stated that the two women were still on good terms.[31]