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Annus mirabilis papers

The annus mirabilis papers (from Latin annus mīrābilis, "miracle year") are the four[a] papers that Albert Einstein published in Annalen der Physik (Annals of Physics), a scientific journal, in 1905. These four papers were major contributions to the foundation of modern physics. They revolutionized science's understanding of the fundamental concepts of space, time, mass, and energy. Because Einstein published all four of these papers in a single year, 1905 is called his annus mirabilis (miracle year).

These four papers, together with quantum mechanics and Einstein's later theory of general relativity, are the foundation of modern physics.

Commemoration[edit]

The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) resolved to commemorate the 100th year of the publication of Einstein's extensive work in 1905 as the World Year of Physics 2005. This was subsequently endorsed by the United Nations.

and Gribbin, Mary. Annus Mirabilis: 1905, Albert Einstein, and the Theory of Relativity, Chamberlain Bros., 2005. ISBN 1-59609-144-4. (Includes DVD.)

Gribbin, John

and Dieter Hoffmann, "1905—a miraculous year". 2005 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 38 S437-S448 (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science) [Issue 9 (14 May 2005)]. doi:10.1088/0953-4075/38/9/001.

Renn, Jürgen

et al., Einstein's Miraculous Year. Princeton University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-691-05938-1.

Stachel, John

at the Library of Congress website

Collection of the Annus Mirabilis papers and their English translations