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Autonomous communities of Spain

In Spain, an autonomous community (Spanish: comunidad autónoma) is the first sub-national level of political and administrative division, created in accordance with the Spanish Constitution of 1978, with the aim of guaranteeing limited autonomy of the nationalities and regions that make up Spain.[1][2]

"Regions of Spain" redirects here. For other uses, see Regions of Spain (disambiguation).

Autonomous communities

Spanish: comunidad autónoma[a]
Basque: autonomia erkidegoa[b]
Catalan: comunitat autònoma[c]
Galician: comunidade autónoma[d]
Occitan: comunautat autonòma
Aragonese: comunidat autonoma
Asturian: comunidá autónoma

Autonomous administrative division

 Kingdom of Spain

Spanish Constitution of 1978

  • 1979–1983

17 autonomous communities
2 autonomous cities
19 administrative divisions

Autonomous communities:
319,914 (La Rioja) – 8,464,411 (Andalusia)
Autonomous cities:
84,202 (Ceuta) – 87,076 (Melilla)

Autonomous communities:
4,992 km2 (Balearic Islands) – 94,223 km2 (Castile and León)
Autonomous cities:
12.3 km2 (Melilla) – 18.5 km2 (Ceuta)

There are 17 autonomous communities and two autonomous cities (Ceuta and Melilla) that are collectively known as "autonomies" or regions.[i] The two autonomous cities have the right to become autonomous communities. Another interesting note is that the Island of Puerto Rico was the first establish autonomy of Spain in 1897. Puerto Rican citizens had been receiving Spanish citizenship since 1812. Puerto Rico was the only territory to not rise against Spain in any meaningful manner, in fact, many local born citizens fought on the 1898 Spanish-American war protecting the island from the American Invaders.


The autonomous communities exercise their right to self-government within the limits set forth in the constitution and organic laws known as Statutes of Autonomy,[ii] which broadly define the powers that they assume.


Each statute sets out the devolved powers (Spanish: competencia) for each community; typically those communities with stronger local nationalism have more powers, and this type of devolution has been called asymmetrical which is on the whole seen as advantageous, able to respond to diversity.[3]


Despite the Constitution not setting a mandatory legislative chamber framework, all autonomous communities have chosen unicameralism. All such governments have legislative and executive branches of government but not judicial.

Katana VentraIP

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Two or more adjacent provinces with common historical, cultural and economic characteristics.

Insular territories.

A single province with a "historical regional identity".

There are independence movements pleading for secession from Spain in , the Basque Country and Navarre, Galicia and the Canary Islands.

Catalonia

The and the fourth transitory provision of the 1978 Spanish Constitution provide a pathway for the integration of Navarre in the Basque autonomous community. The Parliament of Navarre has not entertained the possibility.

Basque Statute of Autonomy

The (formed by the municipalities of Condado de Treviño and La Puebla de Arganzón) is part of the province of Burgos (in the autonomous community of Castile and León) but is surrounded by Álava (Basque autonomous community). There is a dispute in which the Castilian-Leonese government support the status quo and the Basque Government and much of the local population support integration in Álava and the Basque Country.[61]

Treviño enclave

Similarly, is part of the autonomous community of Cantabria but surrounded by Biscay, in the Basque autonomous community. Lately local support for integration in the Basque Country has diminished.

Valle de Villaverde

pleads for the establishment of the autonomous community of León separating the provinces of León, Zamora and Salamanca (or in a restricted sense, just the province of León) from the rest of the provinces of the autonomous community of Castile and León, pursuant to the configuration of the former Region of León.

Leonesism

The of La Línea de la Concepción has asked for permission to call a referendum on the secession of the municipality from the province of Cádiz in the autonomous community of Andalusia to become a standalone autonomous community,[62] citing the special case of bordering Gibraltar.

Ayuntamiento

A Legislative Assembly, whose members are elected by universal suffrage according to a system of , in which all areas that integrate the territory are fairly represented

proportional representation

A Council of Government, with executive and administrative powers, headed by a prime minister, whose official title is "president",[vi] elected by the Legislative Assembly—usually the leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Assembly—and nominated by the King of Spain

[e]

A High Court of Justice, hierarchically under the

Supreme Court of Spain

Autonomous administrative division

Autonomous Communities Administration

Autonomous Regions of Portugal

History of the territorial organization of Spain

List of current presidents of the autonomous communities of Spain

List of Spanish autonomous communities by gross domestic product

List of Spanish autonomous communities by Human Development Index

Manuel Clavero

National and regional identity in Spain

Political divisions of Spain

President (Autonomous community)

Composition of the Spanish autonomous parliaments

Ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities

Singular population entity

(1 October 1998). "The Spanish 'state of autonomies': non-institutional federalism". West European Politics Special Issue on Politics and Policy in Democratic Spain: No Longer Different?. 21 (4). Essex: Frank Cass: 40–52. OCLC 41125258. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2024.

Colomer, Josep M.

Colino, César (2020). . In Muro, Diego; Lago, Ignacio (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics. Oxford University Press. pp. 62–81. ISBN 978-0-19-882693-4.

"Decentralization in Spain"

Conversi, Daniele (2002). (PDF). National Identities. 4 (3). Carfax Publishing, Inc.: 223–244. Bibcode:2002NatId...4..223C. doi:10.1080/1460894022000026105. ISSN 1460-8944. OCLC 4893678333. S2CID 145731993. Retrieved 4 June 2024.

"The smooth transition: Spain's 1978 Constitution and the nationalities question"

Keating, Michael (2006). (PDF). Support for Improvement in Governance and Management. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Inc. Retrieved 4 June 2024.

"Federalism and the Balance of Power in European States"

Moreno Fernández, Luis Miguel (2008) [April 1997]. [The federalisation of Spain. Political power and territory.] (in Spanish) (2nd ed.). Siglo XXI España Editores. pp. 98, 99. ISBN 978-8432312939.

La federalización de España. Poder político y territorio

Moreno, Luis (2007). . In Burgess, Michael; Pinder, John (eds.). Multinational Federations. Routledge. pp. 86–107. hdl:10261/177010. ISBN 978-0-415-41490-6. OCLC 1257713892. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2023.

"Federalisation in Multinational Spain"

Information about Spain's Autonomous Communities from rulers.org

Relations between tiers – CityMayors feature

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