Criticism[edit]

The framework's approach to risk which is based on risk weights derived from the past was criticised for failing to account for the uncertainty in the future.[8] A recent OECD study suggest that bank regulation based on the Basel accords encourage unconventional business practices and contributed to or even reinforced adverse systemic shocks that materialised during the financial crisis. According to the study, capital regulation based on risk-weighted assets encourages innovation designed to circumvent regulatory requirements and shifts banks' focus away from their core economic functions. Tighter capital requirements based on risk-weighted assets, introduced in the Basel III, may further contribute to these skewed incentives. New liquidity regulation, notwithstanding its good intentions, is another likely candidate to increase bank incentives to exploit regulation.[9]


In an October 24, 2020 speech at the Bund Financial Summit in Shanghai, Jack Ma described the Basel Accords as a "club for the elderly."[10]: 50 

Basel IA

Capital Requirements Directive

Financial Stability Board

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Credit Risk Models and the Basel Accords

Elbannan, Mona (2011). . Lap Lambert Academic Publishing GmbH KG. ISBN 978-3-8443-8363-8.

Basel Accords Consequences

Eubanks, Walter W.; Division, Government and Finance (2006). . Congressional Research Service, the Library of Congress.

The Basel Accords: The Implementation of II and the Modification of I

Han, Yicheng (2020). . GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3-346-30865-8.

Historical Capital Regulation of Banks. Standards and Influence of Basel Accords

Liew, Venus Khim-Sen; Rahim, Rossazana Ab; Riaz, Samina (2019). . Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5275-3889-4.

Basel Accords, Bank Capital and Portfolio Risk Behavior

Quillin, Bryce (2008). . Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-97959-1.

International Financial Co-Operation: Political Economics of Compliance with the 1988 Basel Accord

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"Basel Accord - an overview ScienceDirect Topics"