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Bengal tiger

The Bengal tiger is a population of the Panthera tigris tigris subspecies and the nominate tiger subspecies.[1] It ranks among the biggest wild cats alive today.[2][3] It is considered to belong to the world's charismatic megafauna.[4]

This article is about a tiger population. For other uses of 'Bengal tiger' and related terms, see Bengal tiger (disambiguation). For other uses of 'Royal Bengal tiger' and related terms, see Royal Bengal tiger (disambiguation).

The tiger is estimated to have been present in the Indian subcontinent since the Late Pleistocene, for about 12,000 to 16,500 years.[5][6][7] Today, it is threatened by poaching, loss and fragmentation of habitat, and was estimated at comprising fewer than 2,500 wild individuals by 2011. None of the Tiger Conservation Landscapes within its range is considered large enough to support an effective population of more than 250 adult individuals.[8]


The Bengal tiger's historical range covered the Indus River valley until the early 19th century, almost all of India, Pakistan, southern Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and southwestern China. Today, it inhabits India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and southwestern China.[6] India's tiger population was estimated at 2,603–3,346 individuals by 2018.[9] Around 300–500 individuals are estimated in Bangladesh by 2015,[8] 355 in Nepal by 2022,[10] and 90 individuals in Bhutan by 2015.[11]

in the –Gangetic flood plain landscape there are six populations with an estimated population size of 259 to 335 individuals in an area of 5,080 km2 (1,960 sq mi) of forested habitats, which are located in Rajaji and Corbett National Parks, in the connected habitats of Dudhwa-Kheri-Pilibhit, in Suhelwa Tiger Reserve, in Sohagi Barwa Sanctuary and in Valmiki National Park;

Sivaliks

in the highlands there are 17 populations with an estimated population size of 437 to 661 individuals in an area of 48,610 km2 (18,770 sq mi) of forested habitats, which are located in the landscapes of Kanha-Pench, Satpura-Melghat, Sanjay-Palamau, Navegaon-Indravati; isolated populations are supported in the tiger reserves of Bandhavgarh, Tadoba, Simlipal and the national parks of Panna, Ranthambore–Kuno–Palpur–Madhav and Saranda;

Central Indian

in the landscape there is a single population with an estimated population size of 49 to 57 individuals in a 7,772 km2 (3,001 sq mi) habitat in three separate forest blocks located in the Srivenkateshwara National Park, Nagarjunasagar Tiger Reserve and the adjacent proposed Gundla Brahmeshwara National Park, and forest patches in the tehsils of Kanigiri, Badvel, Udayagiri and Giddalur;

Eastern Ghats

in the landscape there are seven populations with an estimated population size of 336 to 487 individuals in a forested area of 21,435 km2 (8,276 sq mi) in three major landscape units Periyar-Kalakad-Mundathurai, Bandipur-Parambikulam-Sathyamangalam-Mudumalai-Anamalai-Mukurthi and Anshi-Kudremukh-Dandeli;

Western Ghats

in the flood plains and northeastern hills tigers live in an area of 4,230 km2 (1,630 sq mi) in several patchy and fragmented forests;

Brahmaputra

in the tigers live in about 1,586 km2 (612 sq mi) of mangrove forest.

Sundarbans National Park

The main antagonist of , Shere Khan, is a Bengal tiger.[150]

The Jungle Book

The is based on man-eating tigers and leopards in Kumaon Division.[151]

Man-Eaters of Kumaon

In the fantasy adventure novel and in its 2012 film adaptation, a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker is the lead character.[152]

Life of Pi

The is based on a real story of a tiger that escaped from Baghdad Zoo in 2003 and haunts the streets of Baghdad seeking the meaning of life.[153][154][155]

Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo

The is a documentary by the BBC on tigers in Bhutan.[156]

Lost Land of the Tiger

The 2014 Roar – Tigers of the Sundarbans is about a white Bengal tigress in the Sundarbans.[157]

Indian film

  • Prehistoric tigers:
  • Panthera tigris trinilensis
  • Panthera tigris acutidens

    • Panthera tigris soloensis

    Holocene extinction

    Schnitzler, A.; Hermann, L. (2019). "Chronological distribution of the tiger Panthera tigris and the Asiatic lion Panthera leo persica in their common range in Asia". . 49 (4): 340–353. doi:10.1111/mam.12166. S2CID 202040786.

    Mammal Review

    . Cat Specialist Group.

    "Panthera t. tigris"

    . WildTeam. Archived from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

    "Tiger conservation in the Bangladesh Sundarbans"

    . Panthera. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2011.

    "Bengal Tiger"

    Li, Y. & H. Liqiang (2019). . China Daily.

    "Bengal tigers found in Tibet, with plenty of prey"

    . Guardian News and Media Limited.

    "The four faces of the Bengal tiger"

    . Big Cat Rescue. 12 November 2009.

    "Himalayan black bear killed by tiger"