Bilingual education

In bilingual education, students are taught in two (or more) languages.^[1] It is distinct from learning a second language as a subject because both languages are used for instruction in different content areas like math, science, and history. The time spent in each language depends on the model. For example, some models focus on providing education in both languages throughout a student's entire education while others gradually transition to education in only one language.^[2] The ultimate goal of bilingual education is fluency and literacy in both languages through a variety of strategies such as translanguaging and recasting.^[3]

Bilingual education strategies[edit]

Translanguaging[edit]

Translanguaging or language mixing is a strategy that emphasizes using all languages a student knows to support their learning. One example of this is allowing students to express themselves in either or both languages when discussing different academic content.^[14] Practicing translanguaging can help students more easily switch between languages.^[15]

Language separation[edit]

Language separation in a classroom refers to assigning a specific language for a particular time, content, or activity with the aim of helping students concentrate on developing their skills in that language. Bilingual programs often combine both language separation and translanguaging approaches to facilitate students in achieving bi-literacy.^[16]

Scaffolding[edit]

Instructional scaffolding can be used in all types of education, not only bilingual education. A teacher scaffolds instruction to provide the necessary support for students to learn the content. In a bilingual education classroom, this could look like pre-teaching content in the student's native language before teaching the same content in the second language.

Recasting[edit]

In bilingual education, teachers may use different techniques to correct students' language errors. One such technique is recasting, which involves repeating the student's statement with corrections for any grammatical or pronunciation mistakes, akin to how parents assist their children in learning their first language. Another technique is explicit correction, where the teacher directly points out the error in the student's statement.^[17]

English as a foreign or second language

Structured English Immersion

French immersion in Canada

Intercultural bilingual education

Literacy

Multilingual Education

Bilingual education by country or region

Secondary Level English Proficiency test

Bimodal bilingualism

Translanguaging

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Cultural Survival

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ISBN

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sic

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Bilingual education