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Black suffrage in the United States

African Americans were fully enfranchised in practice throughout the United States by the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Prior to the Civil War and the Reconstruction Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, some Black people in the United States had the right to vote, but this right was often abridged or taken away. After 1870, Black people were theoretically equal before the law, but in the period between the end of Reconstruction era and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 this was frequently infringed in practice.

Further information: Civil rights movement (1865–1896), Civil rights movement (1896–1954), and Civil Rights Movement

1869 Convention of Colored Citizens of Minnesota

The Ballot or the Bullet

Black nationalism

List of African American suffragists

Racial Equality Proposal, 1919

Mary Church Terrell

Universal suffrage

Women's suffrage in the United States

Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era

Bateman, David (2020). . Perspectives on Politics. 18 (2): 470–491. doi:10.1017/S1537592719001087.

"Partisan Polarization on Black Suffrage, 1785–1868"

Bateman, David (2018). Disenfranchising Democracy: Constructing the Electorate in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  9781108470193.

ISBN

Robinson, George M. Fredrickson Edgar E. (1995). Black Liberation: A Comparative History of Black Ideologies in the United States and South Africa. Oxford University Press.  978-0195109788.

ISBN

Notes


Further reading

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"How the Suffrage Movement Betrayed Black Women"

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"How Black Suffragists Fought for the Right to Vote and a Modicum of Respect"

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"Votes for Women means Votes for Black Women"

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"Weekend Read: Challenging the whitewashed history of women's suffrage"

. August 16, 2019.

"The 19th Amendment Only Really Helped White Women"