Katana VentraIP

Bleeding

Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels.[1] Bleeding can occur internally, or externally either through a natural opening such as the mouth, nose, ear, urethra, vagina or anus, or through a puncture in the skin. Hypovolemia is a massive decrease in blood volume, and death by excessive loss of blood is referred to as exsanguination.[2] Typically, a healthy person can endure a loss of 10–15% of the total blood volume without serious medical difficulties (by comparison, blood donation typically takes 8–10% of the donor's blood volume).[3] The stopping or controlling of bleeding is called hemostasis and is an important part of both first aid and surgery.

"Hemorrhage" and "Haemorrhage" redirect here. For the song by Fuel, see Hemorrhage (In My Hands). For the band, see Haemorrhage (band).

Bleeding

Hemorrhaging, haemorrhaging, blood loss

Emergency medicine, hematology

Exsanguination, hypovolemic shock, coma, shock

Intracranial hemorrhage

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

Epistaxis

Tooth eruption

Pulmonary hemorrhage

Upper gastrointestinal bleed

Hematuria

Vaginal bleeding

Melena

aneurysm

– Also called a graze, this is caused by transverse action of a foreign object against the skin, and usually does not penetrate below the epidermis.

Abrasion

– In common with Abrasion, this is caused by mechanical destruction of the skin, although it usually has an underlying medical cause.

Excoriation

– Caused by damage to a blood vessel that in turn causes blood to collect in an enclosed area.

Hematoma

– Irregular wound caused by blunt impact to soft tissue overlying hard tissue or tearing such as in childbirth. In some instances, this can also be used to describe an incision.

Laceration

– A cut into a body tissue or organ, such as by a scalpel, made during surgery.

Incision

– Caused by an object that penetrated the skin and underlying layers, such as a nail, needle or knife.

Puncture Wound

– Also known as a bruise, this is a blunt trauma damaging tissue under the surface of the skin.

Contusion

Injuries – Caused by a great or extreme amount of force applied over a period of time. The extent of a crushing injury may not immediately present itself.

Crushing

– Caused by a projectile weapon such as a firearm. This may include two external wounds (entry and exit) and a contiguous wound between the two.

Ballistic Trauma

Class I Hemorrhage involves up to 15% of blood volume. There is typically no change in vital signs and is not usually necessary.

fluid resuscitation

Class II Hemorrhage involves 15-30% of total blood volume. A patient is often (rapid heart beat) with a reduction in the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The body attempts to compensate with peripheral vasoconstriction. Skin may start to look pale and be cool to the touch. The patient may exhibit slight changes in behavior. Volume resuscitation with crystalloids (Saline solution or Lactated Ringer's solution) is all that is typically required. Blood transfusion is not usually required.

tachycardic

Class III Hemorrhage involves loss of 30-40% of circulating blood volume. The patient's drops, the heart rate increases, peripheral hypoperfusion (shock) with diminished capillary refill occurs, and the mental status worsens. Fluid resuscitation with crystalloid and blood transfusion are usually necessary.

blood pressure

Class IV Hemorrhage involves loss of >40% of circulating blood volume. The limit of the body's compensation is reached and aggressive resuscitation is required to prevent death.

Etymology[edit]

The word "Haemorrhage" (or hæmorrhage; using the æ ligature) comes from Latin haemorrhagia, from Ancient Greek αἱμορραγία (haimorrhagía, "a violent bleeding"), from αἱμορραγής (haimorrhagḗs, "bleeding violently"), from αἷμα (haîma, "blood") + -ραγία (-ragía), from ῥηγνύναι (rhēgnúnai, "to break, burst").[16]

Aneurysm

Autohemorrhaging

Anemia

Coagulation

Contusion

Exsanguination

Hematophagy

Hemophilia

Hematoma

Istihadha