Boston Port Act
The Boston Port Act, also called the Trade Act 1774,[1] was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (14 Geo. 3. c. 19) which became law on March 31, 1774, and took effect on June 1, 1774.[2] It was one of five measures (variously called the Intolerable Acts, the Punitive Acts or the Coercive Acts) that were enacted during the spring of 1774 to punish Boston for the December 16, 1773, Boston Tea Party.[3]
Long title
An act to discontinue, in such manner, and for such time as are therein mentioned, the landing and discharging, shipping of goods, wares, and merchandise, at the town, and within the harbour, of Boston, in the province of Massachusetts Bay, in North America.
14 Geo. 3. c. 19
March 31, 1774
June 1, 1774
Passage[edit]
Even some of the strongest allies of America in Parliament at first approved the Act as moderate and reasonable and argued that the town could end the punishment at any time by paying for the merchandise destroyed in the riot and allowing law and order to have their course. However, the Whig opposition soon collected itself, and the bill was fought in its various stages by Edmund Burke, Isaac Barré, Thomas Pownall and others. In spite of them, the Act became a law on March 31, without a division in the Commons and by a unanimous vote in the Lords.[4]
Aftermath[edit]
Royal Navy warships subsequently began patrols at the mouth of Boston Harbor to enforce the acts. The British Army also joined in enforcing the blockade, and Boston was filled with troops led by Commander-in-Chief Thomas Gage.[4] Colonists protested that the Port Act penalized thousands of residents and violated their rights as subjects of George III.[2]
As the Port of Boston was a major source of supplies for the citizens of Massachusetts, sympathetic colonies as far away as South Carolina sent relief supplies to the settlers of Massachusetts Bay. So great was the response that the Boston leaders boasted that the town would become the chief grain port of America if the act was not repealed.[4]
June 1 was widely observed as a day of fasting and prayer, bells being tolled, flags placed at half-mast, and houses draped in mourning.[5] That was the first step in the unification of the Thirteen Colonies since they now had a cause for which to work together.
The First Continental Congress was convened in Philadelphia on September 5, 1774 to co-ordinate a colonial response to the Port Act and the other Coercive Acts.[6]
(1873). The Rise of the Republic of the United States. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.
Frothingham, Richard
Halsey, R. T. H. (1904). . Grolier Club.