Katana VentraIP

Bucket argument

Isaac Newton's rotating bucket argument (also known as Newton's bucket) was designed to demonstrate that true rotational motion cannot be defined as the relative rotation of the body with respect to the immediately surrounding bodies. It is one of five arguments from the "properties, causes, and effects" of "true motion and rest" that support his contention that, in general, true motion and rest cannot be defined as special instances of motion or rest relative to other bodies, but instead can be defined only by reference to absolute space. Alternatively, these experiments provide an operational definition of what is meant by "absolute rotation", and do not pretend to address the question of "rotation relative to what?"[1] General relativity dispenses with absolute space and with physics whose cause is external to the system, with the concept of geodesics of spacetime.[2]

(2004). "Chapter 2, The Universe and the Bucket". The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time, and the Texture of Reality. A A Knopf. ISBN 0-375-41288-3.

Brian Greene

3 K: The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, article by Robert Rynasiewicz. At the end of this article, loss of fine distinctions in the translations as compared to the original Latin text is discussed.

Newton's Views on Space, Time, and Motion

see section on Space, Time and Indiscernibles for Leibniz arguing against the idea of space acting as a causal agent.

Life and Philosophy of Leibniz

An interactive applet illustrating the water shape, and an attached PDF file with a mathematical derivation of a more complete water-shape model than is given in this article.

Newton's Bucket