Limitation[edit]

Cal NAGPRA has had some limitations including insufficient enforcement and a limited scope of coverage. Increased education and outreach efforts, stronger enforcement mechanisms, and expanded coverage to include a broader range of institutions and collectors are all needed to improve the law.[1]


Cal NAGPRA offers the ability for tribes to repatriate ancestors and objects but there are over 500 federally recognized tribes within the United States who have different views on repatriation from one another. Tribes such as the California Chumash and Eastern Shoshone are not interested in the repatriation of remains. For the California Chumash this is because the bones were removed from their original burial areas they have also lost their cultural identity.[2]

Changes[edit]

Cal NAGPRA was further amended in 2018 to include requirements for the University of California institutions to develop and implement a repatriation oversight committee that consults with the greater California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to assess the U.C. systems compliance with NAGPRA and Cal NAGPRA.[1]


In 2020, state Bill AB 275 was passed and signed to strengthen Cal NAGPRA for non-federally recognized Native American tribes in California and increase the status of tribal traditional knowledge in assessing cultural affiliation and identifying cultural artifacts.[3] This has led to thousands of artifacts, faunal remains, and other general archaeological material (e.g., soil samples, burned seed fragments) from California museums and other repositories being broadly claimed as either "associated funerary objects" or "items of cultural patrimony," effectively preventing them from being accessed by archaeologists or students for research, in some cases permanently (e.g., reburial).

Katana VentraIP

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