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Charles Hermite

Charles Hermite (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl ɛʁˈmit]) FRS FRSE MIAS (24 December 1822 – 14 January 1901) was a French mathematician who did research concerning number theory, quadratic forms, invariant theory, orthogonal polynomials, elliptic functions, and algebra.

"Hermite" redirects here. For other uses, see Hermite (disambiguation).

Hermite polynomials, Hermite interpolation, Hermite normal form, Hermitian operators, and cubic Hermite splines are named in his honor. One of his students was Henri Poincaré.


He was the first to prove that e, the base of natural logarithms, is a transcendental number. His methods were used later by Ferdinand von Lindemann to prove that π is transcendental.

Contribution to mathematics[edit]

An inspiring teacher, Hermite strove to cultivate admiration for simple beauty and discourage rigorous minutiae. His correspondence with Thomas Stieltjes testifies to the great aid he gave those beginning scientific life. His published courses of lectures have exercised a great influence. His important original contributions to pure mathematics, published in the major mathematical journals of the world, dealt chiefly with Abelian and elliptic functions and the theory of numbers.


In 1858, Hermite showed that equations of the fifth degree could be solved by elliptic functions. In 1873, he proved that e, the base of the natural system of logarithms, is transcendental.[2] Techniques similar to those used in Hermite's proof of e's transcendence were used by Ferdinand von Lindemann in 1882 to show that π is transcendental.[1]

"Sur quelques applications des fonctions elliptiques", Paris, 1855; from Cornell.

page images

"Cours d'Analyse de l'École Polytechnique. Première Partie", Paris: Gauthier–Villars, 1873.

"Cours professé à la Faculté des Sciences", edited by Andoyer, 4th ed., Paris, 1891; from Cornell.

page images

"Correspondance", edited by Baillaud and Bourget, Paris, 1905, 2 vols.; from UMDL.

PDF copy

"Œuvres de Charles Hermite", edited by for the Academy of Sciences, 4 vols., Paris: Gauthier–Villars, 1905,[3] 1908,[4] 1912[5] and 1917; PDF copy from UMDL.

Picard

"Œuvres de Charles Hermite", reissued by , 2009; ISBN 978-1-108-00328-5.

Cambridge University Press

The following is a list of his works:[1]

Legacy[edit]

In addition to the mathematics properties named in his honor, the Hermite crater near the Moon's north pole is named after Hermite.

List of things named after Charles Hermite

Hermitian manifold

Hermite interpolation

Hermite's cotangent identity

Hermite reciprocity

Ramanujan's constant

Linehan, Paul Henry (1910). . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

"Charles Hermite" 

at the Mathematics Genealogy Project

Charles Hermite

(in French) by Charles Hermite (DjVu file on Internet Archive)

Cours d'Analyse de l'École Polytechnique (Première Partie)

(in French) edited by Émile Picard (DjVu file on Internet Archive)

Œuvres de Charles Hermite (t1)

(in French) edited by Émile Picard (DjVu file on Internet Archive)

Œuvres de Charles Hermite (t2)

(in French) edited by Émile Picard (DjVu file on Internet Archive)

Œuvres de Charles Hermite (t3)

(in French) edited by Émile Picard (DjVu file on Internet Archive)

Œuvres de Charles Hermite (t4)

at Project Gutenberg

Works by Charles Hermite

at Internet Archive

Works by or about Charles Hermite

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainHerbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Charles Hermite". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.