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Systems architect

The systems architect is an information and communications technology professional. Systems architects define the architecture of a computerized system (i.e., a system composed of software and hardware) in order to fulfill certain requirements. Such definitions include: a breakdown of the system into components, the component interactions and interfaces (including with the environment, especially the user), and the technologies and resources to be used in its design and implementation.

Occupation

Systems architect

Systems engineering
Systems
Design
Engineering

user domain knowledge, scientific knowledge, engineering, planning and management skills

See education

The systems architect's work should seek to avoid implementation issues and readily permit unanticipated extensions/modifications in future stages. Because of the extensive experience required for this, the systems architect is typically a very senior technologist with substantial, but general, knowledge of hardware, software, and similar (user) systems. Above all, the systems architect must be reasonably knowledgeable of the users' domain of experience. For example, the architect of an air traffic system needs to be more than superficially familiar with all of the tasks of an air traffic system, including those of all levels of users.


The title of systems architect connotes higher-level design responsibilities than a software engineer or programmer, though day-to-day activities may overlap.

Interfacing with the (s) and sponsor(s) and all other stakeholders in order to determine their (evolving) needs.

user

Generating the highest level of system requirements, based on the users' needs and other constraints.

Ensuring that this set of high level requirements is , complete, correct, and operationally defined.

consistent

Performing to determine whether requirements are best met by manual, software, or hardware functions; making maximum use of commercial off-the-shelf or already developed components.

cost–benefit analyses

Developing partitioning (and other processes) to allocate all present and foreseeable requirements into discrete partitions such that a minimum of communications is needed among partitions, and between the users and the system.

algorithms

Partitioning large systems into (successive layers of) and components each of which can be handled by a single engineer or team of engineers or subordinate architect.

subsystems

Interfacing with the design and implementation engineers and architects, so that any problems arising during design or implementation can be resolved in accordance with the fundamental design concepts, and users' needs and constraints.

Ensuring that a maximally and extensible design is developed.

robust

Generating a set of requirements, together with the designers, test engineers, and the users, which determine that all of the high-level requirements have been met, especially for the computer-human-interface.

acceptance test

Generating products such as , models, an early user guide, and prototypes to keep the users and the engineers constantly up to date and in agreement on the system to be provided as it is evolving.

sketches

Ensuring that all architectural products and products with architectural input are maintained in the most current state and never allowed to seriously lag or become obsolete.

Systems architects interface with multiple stakeholders in an organization in order to understand the various levels of requirements, the domain, the viable technologies, and anticipated development process. Their work includes determining multiple design and implementation alternatives, assessing such alternatives based on all identified constraints (such as cost, schedule, space, power, safety, usability, reliability, maintainability, availability, and other "ilities"), and selecting the most suitable options for further design. The output of such work sets the core properties of the system and those that are hardest to change later.


In small systems the architecture is typically defined directly by the developers. However, in larger systems, a systems architect should be appointed to outline the overall system, and to interface between the users, sponsors, and other stakeholders on one side and the engineers on the other. Very large, highly complex systems may include multiple architects, in which case the architects work together to integrate their subsystems or aspects, and respond to a chief architect responsible for the entire system. In general, the role of the architect is to act as a mediator between the users and the engineers, reconciling the users' needs and requirements with what the engineers have determined to be doable within the given (engineering) constraints.


In systems design, the architects (and engineers) are responsible for:

Architect metaphor[edit]

The use of any form of the word "architect" is regulated by "title acts" in many states in the US, and a person must be licensed as a building architect to use it.[1]


In the UK the architects registration board excludes the usage of architect (when used in the context of software and IT) from its restricted usage. [2]

Enterprise architecture

Enterprise architect

Hardware architecture

Requirements analysis

Software architecture

Software engineering

Systems architecture

Systems modeling

Systems engineering

Systems design

Business analyst

framework (SOMF)

Service-oriented modeling

et al.: The Method Framework for Engineering System Architectures, (2008)

Donald Firesmith

Mark W. Maier and Rechtin, Eberhardt, The Art of Systems Architecting, Third Edition (2009)

Gerrit Muller, "Systems architecting: A business perspective," CRC Press, (2012).

Systems Architecting: Creating & Building Complex Systems, 1991.

Eberhardt Rechtin

M. F. Kaashoek, Principles of Computer System Design: An Introduction, Morgan Kaufmann, 2009.

J. H. Saltzer

Rob Williams, Computer Systems Architecture: a Networking Approach, Second Edition (December 2006).

– MIT OpenCourseWare

Principles of Computer System Design: An Introduction

Article

Systems Architecture: Canaxia Brings an Architect on Board