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Chittagong Hill Tracts

The Chittagong (Chadigang) Hill Tracts (Bengali: পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম, romanizedParbotto Chottogram), often shortened to simply the Hill Tracts and abbreviated to CHT, are a group of districts within the Chittagong Division in southeastern Bangladesh, bordering India and Myanmar (Burma) in the east. Covering 13,295 square kilometres (5,133 sq mi), they formed a single district until 1984, when they were divided into three districts: Khagrachhari, Rangamati, and Bandarban.

Topographically, the Hill Tracts are the only extensively hilly area in Bangladesh. It was historically settled by many tribal refugees from Burma Arakan in the 16th century and now it is settled by the Jumma people. Today, it remains one of the least developed parts of Bangladesh.[1]


The Chittagong Hill Tracts along with Sikkim, Tawang, Darjeeling, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka, constitute some of the remaining abodes of Buddhism in South Asia.

Geography[edit]

The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), the only extensive hilly area in Bangladesh, lie in the southeastern part of the country (210 25' N to 230 45' N latitude and 910 54' E to 920 50' E longitude) bordering Myanmar on the southeast, the Indian state of Tripura on the north, Mizoram on the east and Chittagong district on the west. The area of the Chittagong Hill Tracts is about 13, 184 km2, which is approximately one-tenth of the total area of Bangladesh. The Chittagong Hill Tracts combine three hilly districts of Bangladesh: Rangamati, Khagrachhari and Bandarban districts.[2]


The mountainous rugged terrain with deep forests, lakes and falls gives it a different character from the rest of Bangladesh.

Land use and environment[edit]

Tobacco cultivation[edit]

Tobacco cultivation is damaging the ecology of the area, with the loss of indigenous trees such as Chukrasia tabularis (Indian mahogany), and soil fertility.


Most of the farmers of Rangamati, Bandarban, and Khagrachhari have been losing their interest in cultivating their own indigenous crops after defaulting on loans provided by tobacco companies.[14]

IWGIA report 14. Copenhagen: IWGIA, Organising Committee CHT Campaign and Shimin Gaikou Centre. May 2012

Bangladesh: Militarization in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. The slow demise of the region's indigenous peoples.

Shapan Adnan & Ranajit Dastidar.. Dhaka: Chittagong Hill Tracts Commission & IWGIA. May 2011.

"Alienation of the Lands of Indigenous Peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh"

Shelly, Mizanur Rahaman. (1992). "The Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh: The Untold Story". Dhaka, Bangladesh: Centre for Development Research, Bangladesh.

"Life is not Ours: Land and Human Rights in the Chittagong Hill Tracts", Bangladesh. Copenhagen, Denmark: Organizing Committee, Chittagong Hill Tracts Campaign, 1991.

Brauns, Claus-Dieter, "The Mrus: Peaceful Hillfolk of Bangladesh", National Geographic Magazine, February 1973, Vol. 143, No. 1

Rasul, Golam; Thapa, Gopal B. (2003). "Shifting Cultivation in the Mountains of South and Southeast Asia: Regional Patterns and Factors Influencing the Change". Land Degradation & Development. 14 (5): 495–508. :10.1002/ldr.570. S2CID 128897922.

doi

Rasul, Golam; Thapa, Gopal B.; Zoebisch, Michael A. (2004). "Determinants of land-use changes in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh". Applied Geography. 24 (3): 217–240. :10.1016/j.apgeog.2004.03.004.

doi

Rasul, Golam; Thapa, Gopal B. (2006). "Financial and economic suitability of agroforestry as an alternative to shifting cultivation: The case of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh". Agricultural Systems. 91 (1–2): 29–50. :10.1016/j.agsy.2006.01.006.

doi

Rasul, Golam (2007). "Political Ecology of the Degradation of Forest Commons in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh". Environmental Conservation. 34 (2): 153–163. :10.1017/S0376892907003888. S2CID 86078323.

doi

Rasul, Golam; Thapa, Gopal B. (2007). "The Impact of Policy and Institutional Environment on Costs and Benefits of Sustainable Agricultural Land Uses: The Case of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh". Environmental Management. 40 (2): 272–283. :2007EnMan..40..272R. doi:10.1007/s00267-005-0083-8. PMID 17562103. S2CID 20782180.

Bibcode

Thapa, Gopal B.; Rasul, Golam (2006). "Implications of changing national policies on land use in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh". Journal of Environmental Management. 81 (4): 441–453. :10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.12.002. PMID 16549239.

doi

mapped on OpenStreetMap, retrieved 28 December 2021 (also shown are three districts: Khagrachari, Rangamaai, and Bandarban, that make up the tracts).

Chittagong Hill Tracts

The Chittagong Hill Tracts Commission

Banglapedia

"Chittagong Hill Tracts"

Background information, news and literature on the Chittagong Hill Tracts

Survival International

Ali, M. Emran; Toshiyuki Tsuchiya, . Fourth World Journal, Vol. 5, No. 1.

"Land Rights of the Indigenous People of the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh: A Historical Analysis of Policy Issues"