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Common practice period

In European art music, the common practice period was the period of about 250 years during which the tonal system was regarded as the only basis for composition. It began when composers' use of the tonal system had clearly superseded earlier systems, and ended when some composers began using significantly modified versions of the tonal system, and began developing other systems as well. Most features of common practice (the accepted concepts of composition during this time) persisted from the mid-Baroque period through the Classical and Romantic periods, roughly from 1650 to 1900. There was much stylistic evolution during these centuries, with patterns and conventions flourishing and then declining, such as the sonata form. The most prominent unifying feature throughout the period is a harmonic language to which music theorists can today apply Roman numeral chord analysis; however, the "common" in common practice does not directly refer to any type of harmony, rather it refers to the fact that for over two hundred years only one system was used.

Harbison, John (1992). "Symmetries and the 'New Tonality'". Contemporary Music Review. 6 (2): 71–79. :10.1080/07494469200640141.

doi

Kliewer, Vernon (1975). "Melody: Linear Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music". In Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music, edited by Gary Wittlich, pp. 270–301. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.  0-13-049346-5.

ISBN

Konečni, Vladimir J. (2009). (PDF). Empirical Musicology Review. doi:10.18061/1811/36604. hdl:1811/36604. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2015.

"Mode and Tempo in Western Classical Music of the Common-Practice Era"

London, Justin (2001). "Rhythm, §II: Historical Studies of Rhythm". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.

Stanley Sadie

(1990). The Listening Composer. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-06991-9.

Perle, George

Tanner, Paul, and Maurice Gerow (1984). A Study of Jazz. Dubuque, Iowa: William C. Brown Publishers. Cited in Robert M. Baker, "". TheBlueHighway.com.

A Brief History of the Blues

Winold, Allen (1975). "Rhythm in Twentieth-Century Music". In Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music, edited by Richard Peter Delone and Gary Wittlich, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.  978-0-13-049346-0. pp. 208-269.

ISBN

Benjamin Piekut, (February 1, 2004).

"No Common Practice: The New Common Practice and its Historical Antecedents"