Communication disorder
A communication disorder is any disorder that affects an individual's ability to comprehend, detect, or apply language and speech to engage in dialogue effectively with others.[1] This also encompasses deficiencies in verbal and non-verbal communication styles.[2] The delays and disorders can range from simple sound substitution to the inability to understand or use one's native language.[3] This article covers subjects such as diagnosis, the DSM-IV, the DSM-V, and examples like sensory impairments, aphasia, learning disabilities, and speech disorders.
Communication disorder
- a disorder that is caused by the failure of the parts of the mouth and palate to form together while a fetus is developing in the womb, which then creates a deformity. This is often corrected by surgery.
Cleft lip or cleft palate
- a deformity of a child's facial bone structure and head bones that is caused by early or delayed fusion of the bones.
Craniofacial anomalies
- when the soft palate does not make a tight enough seal against the pharynx and creates a nasally sound while speaking.
Velopharyngeal insufficiency
- when the top and bottom teeth do not align when the mouth is closed.
Dental malocclusion
Oral-motor dysfunction - a disconnection between the brain and the mouth that results in the inability to perform tasks such as chewing, blowing, talking, among others.
- a blanket term that encompasses multiple neurological disorders like dementia, Alzheimer's, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis.
Neurological disease/dysfunction
- when the brain is damaged in a traumatic event that makes the brain move around in the skull.
Brain injury
Respirator dependency - the inability to breathe without the use of a machine.
ventilator
- the declination of respiratory function that can lead to failure or even death if it is left untreated.
Respiratory compromise
Vocal fold pathology - an abnormality of the cartilage on the vocal folds.
- when a child fails to develop (whether that be mentally or physically) at the normal rate for children at the same age.
Developmental delay
- a term that includes neurological disorders that inhibit social functioning, communication, sensory processing, and other challenges.
Autism
or traumatic birth - an early (before full term) birth, or one with complications.
Prematurity
- when the auditory system does not function as it normally should, and there is a decrease in hearing.
Hearing loss or deafness
- autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDDNOS), and Asperger disorder – developmental disorders that affect the brain's normal development of social and communication skills.[17]
autism spectrum disorders
– affects speaking and understanding where there is no delay in non-verbal intelligence.
expressive language disorder
– affects speaking, understanding, reading and writing where there is no delay in non-verbal intelligence.
mixed receptive-expressive language disorder
– a language disorder that delays the mastery of language skills in children who have no hearing loss or other developmental delays. SLI is also called developmental language disorder, language delay, or developmental dysphasia.[18]
specific language impairment
Cherney LR, Gardner P, Logemann JA, et al. (2010). "The role of speech-language pathology and audiology in the optimal management of the service member returning from Iraq or Afghanistan with a blast-related head injury: position of the Communication Sciences and Disorders Clinical Trials Research Group". J Head Trauma Rehabil. 25 (3): 219–24. :10.1097/HTR.0b013e3181dc82c1. PMID 20473095. S2CID 8929365.
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Communication Disorders
Aphasia - National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
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