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Cuyahoga River

The Cuyahoga River[7] (/ˌkaɪ.əˈhɒɡə/ KY-ə-HOG-ə, or /ˌkaɪ.əˈhoʊɡə/ KY-ə-HOH-gə[8][9]) is a river located in Northeast Ohio that bisects the City of Cleveland and feeds into Lake Erie.

Cuyahoga River

United States

Ohio

Cuyahoga, Summit, Portage, Geauga[1]

Cleveland, Akron, Cuyahoga Falls, Kent[1]

 

41°26′26″N 81°09′07″W / 41.44056°N 81.15194°W / 41.44056; -81.15194 (Cuyahoga River source)[4] Confluence of
East Branch Cuyahoga River[2] and
West Branch Cuyahoga River[3]
near Pond Road and Rapids Road, Burton, Geauga County, Ohio

1,093 feet (333.1 m)[2][3]

 

Lake Erie at Cleveland,
Cuyahoga County, Ohio[4]

41°30′13″N 81°42′44″W / 41.50361°N 81.71222°W / 41.50361; -81.71222 (Cuyahoga River mouth)

571 feet (174.0 m)[4]

84.9 miles (136.6 km)[5]

809 square miles (2,100 km2)[6]

As Cleveland emerged as a major manufacturing center, the river became heavily affected by industrial pollution, so much so that it caught fire at least 14 times. When it did so on June 22, 1969, news coverage of the event helped to spur the American environmental movement.[10][11] Since then, the river has been extensively cleaned up through the efforts of Cleveland's city government and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA).[12] In 2019, the American Rivers conservation association named the Cuyahoga "River of the Year" in honor of "50 years of environmental resurgence".[13][14]

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Etymology[edit]

The name Cuyahoga is believed to mean "crooked river" from the Mohawk name Cayagaga, although the Mohawk were never in the region alongside European settlers, so this explanation is questionable. Some think that it comes from the Seneca word for "jawbone".[15][16] This explanation, however, is as uncertain as the Mohawk explanation. A close match in the Seneca language is Gayó'ha'geh, meaning "on your chin". The river's crooked form does vaguely resemble an animal's jawbone. It is possible that Europeans once wished to call it that, but the name "Cuyahoga" ended up becoming more prevalent and folk etymology took over, creating an accidental link between the two names that did not actually exist.[17]


Early maps from the era of French control of the region, when the Wyandot were the only tribe there, mark the river as "Cuyahoga", although the Wyandot name for the river is Yažaʔyeh.

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Dams[edit]

Former Ohio and Erie Canal diversion dam[edit]

The Brecksville Dam[a] at river mile 20 was the first dam upstream of Lake Erie. It affected fish populations by restricting their passage.[34] The dam was removed in 2020.[35]

Lists[edit]

Variant names[edit]

According to the United States Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System, the Cuyahoga River has also been known as:[4]

List of crossings of the Cuyahoga River

List of rivers of Ohio

Cuyahoga River Community Planning Organization

Cuyahoga Valley

Friends of the Crooked River

Lower Cuyahoga Gorge

and Cuyahoga River Fire entries from the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History

Cuyahoga River

The Plain Dealer special section commemorating the 40th anniversary of the 1969 fire

Year of the River

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