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Department of the East

The Department of the East was a military administrative district established by the U.S. Army several times in its history. The first was from 1853 to 1861, the second Department of the East, from 1863 to 1873, and the last from 1877 to 1913.[1]

History[edit]

As part of a major reorganization of the Western Territories, after October 31, 1853 the division echelon was eliminated and the six western departments consolidated into four (Departments of Texas, New Mexico, the West, and the Pacific). The four departments (1st-4th) of the Eastern Division were similarly consolidated into the Department of the East, with boundaries encompassing all the states east of the Mississippi River. It remained thus until August 17, 1861, when the American Civil War created a need for a vast increase in the Union Army and more departments to administer them, leading to discontinuation of the Department of the East.


On January 3, 1863, the Department of the East was revived, to administer the many districts and posts created by the Civil War in New York, New Jersey and the states of New England. It became subordinate to the Military Division of the Atlantic, from 1865 to 1866 and the Division of the Atlantic, in 1868 until this department was discontinued in 1873.


Again the Department of the East was revived in 1877, once again subordinate to the Division of the Atlantic, until the Division was discontinued in 1891. In 1911, it became subordinate to a new Eastern Division, until the Department of the East was discontinued 1913, being replaced by the Eastern Department. The Panama Canal Department was created as a separate formation on 26 June 1917 by separation from the Eastern Department.


The 99th Aero Squadron was reactivated at Mitchel Field under the control of the Eastern Department on 2 July 1919.


The 24th Aero Squadron returned to the United States on or about 1 August 1919 and reported to Mitchel Field, on Long Island, New York. However, the squadron was sent to Park Field, near Memphis, Tennessee, where personnel were de-mobilized and returned to civilian life.[2][3][4][5] It was carried as an administrative unit seemingly under the Eastern Department, however, it was not re-manned and was finally inactivated on 1 October 1919.


The Eastern Department was discontinued when the Army's command was reorganized by the 1920 amendment to the 1916 Defense Act.[6] It was replaced by the Second Corps Area.

Headquarters[edit]

The headquarters of the 1853–1861 Department of the East in 1861 was Troy, New York,[7] except for the few years under the command of Gen. Bankhead, when he made his headquarters at Fort McHenry, in Baltimore, Maryland.


The headquarters of the last Department of the East was originally located in leased office space in New York City until 1878, when the War Department relocated all headquarters functions across the country to army posts due to economic considerations. The headquarters was relocated to Fort Columbus, renamed Fort Jay in 1904 on Governors Island in New York Harbor.

Major. Gen. 1853–1854

John E. Wool

Bvt. Brig. Gen. 1854–1856

James Bankhead

Major. Gen. John E. Wool 1857 – Aug 17, 1861

Major. Gen. John E. Wool January 3, 1863 – July 18, 1863

Major. Gen. , July 18, 1863 – June 27, 1865[8]

John A. Dix

Major. Gen. June 27, 1865 – August, 1866

Joseph Hooker

Major. Gen. , August, 1866 – January 2, 1868

George Gordon Meade

Major. Gen. January 2, 1868 – July 16, 1868

Thomas W. Sherman

Major. Gen. July 16, 1868 – December 16, 1872

Irvin McDowell

1878

Winfield S. Hancock

1886

John M. Schofield

1888

Oliver O. Howard

1891

John M. Schofield

1891

Oliver O. Howard

1894

Nelson A. Miles

1895

Thomas H. Ruger

1897

Wesley Merritt

1898 20 May to 2 July

Royal T. Frank

1898 2 July to 24 October

George L. Gillespie

1898

William R. Shafter

1899

Wesley Merritt

1900

John R. Brooke

1902

Arthur MacArthur

1902

Adna R. Chaffee

1903

Henry C. Corbin

1904

Frederick D. Grant

1904

James F. Wade

1907

Frederick D. Grant

1908

Leonard Wood

1910

Frederick D. Grant

1912

Tasker H. Bliss

1912

Thomas H. Barry

In 1878, the War Department directed that all departmental commands, if not located on a post, were to give up leased office space and off-post housing allowances and relocate headquarters and staff to the nearest Army post. In New York City, the headquarters was moved to Fort Columbus on Governors Island in New York Harbor.

1913

Thomas H. Barry

1914

Robert K. Evans

1914

Leonard Wood

1917

J. Franklin Bell

1917

Eli D. Hoyle

1918

William A. Mann

1918

J. Franklin Bell

1919

Thomas H. Barry

1919

Charles Justin Bailey

(chapter 2)

US Army Order of Battle, 1919–1941

National Archives, Guide to Federal Records; Records of United States Army Continental Commands, 1821-1920 (Record Group 393), 1817-1940 (bulk 1817-1920)