Duke of Newcastle
Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne was a title that was created three times, once in the Peerage of England and twice in the Peerage of Great Britain. The first grant of the title was made in 1665 to William Cavendish, 1st Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne.[1] He was a prominent Royalist commander during the Civil War.
This article is about the peerage title. For the British prime minister, see Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle.Dukedom of Newcastle upon Tyne
- 1665 (first creation)
- 1694 (second creation)
- 1715 (third creation)
- Charles II (first creation)
- William III and Mary II (second creation)
- George I (third creation)
- Peerage of England (first creation)
- Peerage of Great Britain (second and third creation)
the 1st Duke's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten
Special remainder for the third creation
- 1691 (first creation)
- 1711 (second creation)
- 1768 (third creation)
1756
1988
The related title of Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne [sic][2] was created once in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was conferred in 1756 on Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (of the third creation), to provide a slightly more remote special remainder. The title became extinct in 1988, a year that saw the deaths of the distantly related ninth and tenth Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne.
Creations[edit]
First creation (1665)[edit]
William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle, was a son of Charles Cavendish, himself the third son of Sir William Cavendish and his wife Bess of Hardwick. One of Charles Cavendish's elder brothers became the 1st Earl of Devonshire (see Duke of Devonshire for further history about this branch of the family).
The first duke, William Cavendish, was the son of Charles Cavendish and his second wife Catherine Ogle, 8th Baroness Ogle, daughter of Cuthbert Ogle, 7th Baron Ogle. William Cavendish became Viscount Mansfield in 1620, and in 1621, he was created Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne and Baron Cavendish of Bolsover. He succeeded his mother as ninth Baron Ogle in 1629, and he became Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1643. He was elevated to the dukedom of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1665. He also was granted the title of Earl of Ogle as a subsidiary title for the dukedom, to be used as a courtesy title by his heir apparent. Upon his death in 1676, he was succeeded by his son, the second Duke, who was a politician. However, the second Duke's only son and heir apparent (Henry Cavendish, Earl of Ogle) predeceased him. Therefore, upon the second Duke's death in 1691, all of these many titles became extinct, except the barony of Ogle, which fell into abeyance between the second duke's four daughters (one of whom was Lady Elizabeth Cavendish).
Second creation (1694)[edit]
The second Duke's third daughter, Lady Margaret Cavendish (1661-1717), married John Holles, 4th Earl of Clare, who was incidentally her first cousin, her mother's sister's son. In 1694, the dukedom was revived when he was created Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne. The Holles family descended from John Holles, who was created Baron Haughton, of Haughton in Nottinghamshire, in 1616 and Earl of Clare in 1624. His second son was a politician, Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles. Lord Clare was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He represented East Retford, Nottinghamshire, in the House of Commons and served as Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire. His son, the third Earl, was briefly MP for Nottinghamshire in 1660. He was succeeded by his son, the aforementioned fourth Earl of Clare, who married a daughter of the second Duke of Newcastle. In 1694, three years after the title became extinct, the Dukedom of Newcastle was revived and granted to the late Duke's son-in-law. The new duke of Newcastle and his wife, Lady Margaret, had only one daughter and no sons. Therefore, on his death in 1711, all his titles became extinct.