Emily Hale
Emily Hale (October 27, 1891 – October 12, 1969)[2] was an American speech and drama teacher, who was the longtime muse and confidante of the poet T. S. Eliot. There were 1,131 letters from Eliot to Hale deposited in Princeton University Library in 1956, described as one of the best-known sealed archives in the world for many years.[3][4] The archive was opened to the public on January 2, 2020. Hale had specified that the letters would be embargoed for fifty years after both of their deaths, and the Princeton Library staff needed a few months to prepare them. The day the Hale letters were opened, Harvard's Houghton Library issued an unexpected statement that Eliot had prepared in 1960, to be opened when Hale's archives were released.[5] Princeton then released Hale's summary of their relationship.[6]
Emily Hale
October 27, 1891
October 12, 1969 (aged 77)
Speech and drama teacher
Muse of T. S. Eliot
Early life and career[edit]
Hale was born in East Orange, New Jersey, on October 27, 1891.[2][7][8] Her father was the Reverend Edward Hale, an architect who became a Unitarian minister and taught at Harvard Divinity School.[7] Her mother Emily (née Milliken) had become a "permanent mental invalid" after the death of her infant son,[9] While some early Eliot biographers wrote that Hale was an orphan who was raised by her aunt and uncle, Edith and John Carroll Perkins, she lived at home with her father in Chestnut Hill, outside of Boston, until he died when she was 26. The Perkinses later moved from Seattle to Boston, and Hale frequently traveled with them to Europe. The three of them spent many summers in Chipping Campden, England, in the 1930s, and hosted Eliot while they vacationed there.[9][10][11]
Hale graduated from Miss Porter's School,[2] but never attended college. After her father died in 1918, she took a job as a dorm matron at Simmons University (then College), where she had helped organize the drama club as a volunteer in 1916. She later was promoted to speech instructor at Simmons. She went on to serve as a speech and drama teacher at Milwaukee-Downer College (1921–1929) (now part of Lawrence University), Scripps College (1932–1934),[7][4] and Smith College (1936–1942), as well as the all-girls Concord Academy and Abbot Academy preparatory schools at the end of her teaching career.[1][2][4][7]
Hale was an active member of the Unitarian Church and also the League of Women Voters, and she was a volunteer at the Sophia Smith Collection.[2]
Relationship with Eliot[edit]
Eliot recalled first falling in love with Hale in 1912 when he was a graduate student studying philosophy at Harvard,[12] and Eliot declared his love for her shortly before leaving for Europe in 1914;[13] Eliot later said that Hale did not reciprocate his feelings, but he continued to write her and to send her flowers for her theatrical performances after he left. However, in June 1915, Eliot married Vivienne Haigh-Wood, and his preserved correspondence with Hale did not materially resume until 1930. From 1930 until 1956, Eliot wrote over a thousand letters to Hale[14] visiting her in California over the New Year's holidays in 1932–33 before deciding to seek a formal separation from his wife when he returned to England in 1933.[10] However he told Hale he could not seek a divorce because of the strictures of his Anglican faith.[5]
Hale and Eliot spent the summers from 1935 to 1939 together in Campden, Gloucestershire, as the guests of her aunt and uncle, the Perkinses.[15][11][10] In 1935, Hale and Eliot visited Burnt Norton, an abandoned manor house in Gloucestershire. (Eliot biographers had believed this visit occurred in 1934, but the Eliot-Hale correspondence revealed that the visit occurred in 1935.) In a memoir released by Princeton Library in mid-January 2020, Hale said that Eliot had told her that "Burnt Norton" was his love poem to her, an assertion backed up in the Eliot letters themselves.[16]
World War II intervened, and Hale and Eliot would not meet again until 1946, by which time Eliot was about to turn 58 and Hale, 55; however, after the death of Vivienne in 1947, Eliot arranged a meeting with Hale at which he told her he no longer could marry her. Eliot had told Hale that he would marry her if he could, so she was shocked and saddened when he changed his mind.[15] After 1947, they continued to be friends, but their letters and visits were less frequent.
Eliot's relationship with Hale was said by some biographers to provide Eliot with a model of a silent, ethereal woman and chaste love that could be indefinitely sustained.[4] Hale's own feelings for Eliot are largely unknown, partly because Eliot arranged for nearly all of her letters to be burned after he married his much younger secretary Esmé Valerie Fletcher, in 1957. Eliot's last letter to Hale in the Princeton collection was written in 1957.[17]
Life after Eliot[edit]
In 1957, after Eliot remarried, Hale was forced to retire from Abbot Academy because she had reached the school's mandatory retirement age. While some Eliot biographers wrote that Hale was hospitalized following a nervous breakdown, no evidence is cited. One of Hale's biographers, Sara Fitzgerald, said "Emily Hale is painted as someone who fell apart, who had a nervous breakdown after loving Eliot for so many years and seeing him marry another woman", but "I didn't necessarily find that to be the case. I felt she got over this blow and kept living".[18] After her retirement, Hale acted in a number of well-received community theater productions, and kept in contact with her friends and past students.[18] She also taught for a period at Oak Grove School in Vassalboro, Maine, and finally died in Concord, Massachusetts.[19]
Fitzgerald records that Hale wrote a final letter to Eliot in the early 1960s, in which she told him it was "'difficult' for her to consider her life to be important just because they had been connected," though the letter "ended on an upbeat note, hoping that they could still be friends."[18] Eliot never responded, and he died soon after in 1965.[18][16]