Expansion of Jerusalem in the 19th century

The expansion of Jerusalem outside of the Old City walls, which included shifting the city center to the new neighborhoods, started in the mid-19th century and by the early 20th century had entirely transformed the city. Prior to the 19th century, the main built up areas outside the walls were the complex around King David's Tomb on the southern Mount Zion, and the village of Silwan.

In the mid-19th century, with an area of only one square kilometer, the Old City had become overcrowded and unsanitary, with rental prices on a constant rise.^[1] In the mid-1850s, following the Crimean War, institutions including the Russian Compound, Kerem Avraham, the Schneller Orphanage, Bishop Gobat school and the Mishkenot Sha'ananim compound, marked the beginning of permanent settlement outside Jerusalem's Old City walls.^[1]^[2]

1853: the (est. 1847) moves to a building next to the Protestant Mount Zion Cemetery

Bishop Gobat School

1855: British Consul builds the main house at Abraham's Vineyard (Hebrew: Kerem Avraham), the farm he established for Jewish Jerusalemites

James Finn

1855–1856: Johann Ludwig Schneller builds himself a family house, the nucleus of the Syrian Orphanage or , which would take shape in 1860–61

Schneller Orphanage

1860: the Jewish neighbourhood is built by Moses Montefiore

Mishkenot Sha'ananim

1860–1864: the 's first building, the women's hospice is being built, followed until 1903 by all the rest

Russian Compound

1864: Aga Rashid builds his residence, now known as Ticho House

Nashashibi

1865–1879: the Jewish neighbourhood

Mahaneh Yisra'el

1865–1890s: the Husaini Neighborhood, Muslim Arab, starting in 1865–76 with the villa of Rabbah Effendi al-Husaini

1869: the Jewish neighbourhood

Nahalat Shiv'a

1870s: the Mas'udiya Muslim Arab neighbourhood

1872–1876: the "Georgian Houses" Jewish neighbourhood facing

Damascus Gate

1873: the gets started with individual houses; the Templer colony follows in 1878

German Colony

1873: the Jewish neighbourhood (Yanover Houses)

Beit David

1874–1875: the Jewish neighbourhood

Mea Shearim

1875: the Jewish neighbourhood, now part of Nachlaot

Even Yisrael

1875–1876: the Mishkenot Yisrael Jewish neighbourhood, now part of Nachlaot

1880s: the Deir mixed Arab neighbourhood

Abu Tor

1880s: the Catholic "French Colony": Saint-Louis Hospital (1881–1883), (1888–1904)

Notre Dame de France Hospice

1882: the , Christian Protestant

American-Swedish Colony

1882: the Jewish neighbourhood, now part of Nachlaot

Mazkeret Moshe

1882: the Ohel Moshe Jewish neighbourhood, now part of Nachlaot

Based on Jerusalem and Its Environs: Quarters, Neighborhoods, Villages, 1800–1948 by Ruth Kark and Michal Oren-Nordheim (2001). The years refer to the time the neighbourhoods actually started being inhabited, not the land purchase and construction phase.^[2]

Mishkenot Sha'ananim guesthouse, restored historical building

Nachlaot, Street of the Stairs, Nahalat Ahim

Kerem Avraham, The Christian entrence, founded in 1855.

Meah Shearim, The fifth neighberhood built outside of the old city.