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Extermination camp

Nazi Germany used six extermination camps (German: Vernichtungslager), also called death camps (Todeslager), or killing centers (Tötungszentren), in Central Europe during World War II to systematically murder over 2.7 million people – mostly Jews – in the Holocaust.[1][2][3] The victims of death camps were primarily murdered by gassing, either in permanent installations constructed for this specific purpose, or by means of gas vans.[4] The six extermination camps were Chełmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau. Extermination through labour was also used at the Auschwitz and Majdanek death camps.[5][6][4] Millions were also murdered in concentration camps, in the Aktion T4, or directly on site.[7]

For other Nazi internment facilities, see Types of Nazi camps and Nazi concentration camps.

Nazi extermination camps

Extermination

The SS

The idea of mass extermination with the use of stationary facilities, to which the victims were taken by train, was the result of earlier Nazi experimentation with chemically manufactured poison gas during the secretive Aktion T4 euthanasia programme against hospital patients with mental and physical disabilities.[8] The technology was adapted, expanded, and applied in wartime to unsuspecting victims of many ethnic and national groups; the Jews were the primary target, accounting for over 90 percent of extermination camp victims.[9] The genocide of the Jews of Europe was Nazi Germany's "Final Solution to the Jewish question".[10][4][11]

German camps in occupied Poland during World War II

List of Nazi extermination camps and euthanasia centers

"Polish death camp" controversy

Topf and Sons

War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II

(2000). The Holocaust: origins, implementation, aftermath. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-15035-3 – via Google Books.

Bartov, Omer

Cox, John K. (2007). "Ante Pavelić and the Ustaša State in Croatia". In (ed.). Balkan Strongmen: Dictators and Authoritarian Rulers of South Eastern Europe. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press. ISBN 978-1-55753-455-2. LCCN 60-5808 – via Google Books.

Fischer, Bernd Jürgen

(1997). Holocaust Journey: Travelling in search of the past. Phoenix. ISBN 0-231-10965-2 – via Google Books. An account of the locations of the extermination camps as they are today, augmented by the historical information about them, and about the fate of the Jews of Poland.

Gilbert, Martin

(1959). Commandant of Auschwitz. The Autobiography of Rudolf Hoess with an Introduction by Lord Russett (PDF). Translation Constantine FitzGibbon. Cleveland and New York: The World Publishing Company. pp. 1–311. Retrieved 15 January 2015 – via direct download: 16.7 MB from Scribd.

Höss, Rudolf

(1990). 'Turning the tap on was no big deal': the gassing doctors during the Nazi period and afterwards. Vol. 2. Dachau Review. ISBN 3-9808587-1-5 – via Google Books' snippet.

Klee, Ernst

(1986). The Drowned and the Saved. London: Michael Joseph. ISBN 0-7181-3063-4 – via Google Books.

Levi, Primo

Mojzes, Paul (2011). . Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-0663-2 – via Google Books.

Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century

(2009a). "The Genesis and Structure of the National Socialist Concentration Camps". Early Camps, Youth Camps, and Concentration Camps and Subcamps under the SS-Business Administration Main Office (WVHA). Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945. Vol. 1. Indiana University Press. pp. 183–196. ISBN 978-0-253-35328-3.

Orth, Karin

(1994). "Gas Chambers and Crematoria". In Gutman, Yisrael; Berenbaum, Michael (eds.). Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-32684-2.

Piper, Franciszek

Rees, Laurence (2006). . Public Affairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-357-9.

Auschwitz: A New History

The Holocaust History Project, Essays, Documents, Reproductions. Retrieved 15 September 2015.

Quick Facts on the Holocaust.

Holocaust and concentration camps information

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

Official U.S. National Archive Footage of Nazi camps

Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka. Holocaust Denial and Operation Reinhard.