Faculty of Law of Paris
The Faculty of Law of Paris (French: Faculté de droit de Paris), called from the late 1950s to 1970 the Faculty of Law and Economics of Paris, is the second-oldest faculty of law in the world and one of the four and eventually five[1] faculties of the University of Paris ("the Sorbonne"), from the 12th century until 1970.
This article is about the historical Faculty of Law (and Economics) of Paris (12th century – 1970). Not to be confused with the University of Law, Economics and Social Sciences of Paris (1971–...), its direct inheritor which in 1990 took the name "Panthéon-Assas University".
Other name
- c. 1100 – 1229: École de droit de Paris
- 1229–1679: Consultissima decretorum facultas (Faculty of Canon Law)
- 1679–1793: Faculté de droit civil et canonique
- 1802–1896: École de droit de Paris
- 1896–1950s: Faculté de droit de Paris
- 1950s–1970: Faculté de droit et d'économie de Paris
12th century–1970
The institutions descended from the Faculty of Law of Paris are:
During the Middle Ages, it was, with the faculty of law of the University of Bologna, the oldest one, one of the two most important faculties of law in the world.[2][3][4][5] Pierre Abélard, founder of modern law, was its precursor, as a teacher at the cathedral school of Notre-Dame de Paris, Andrea Alciato, founder of legal humanism, was a professor there, and Saint Ivo, patron of lawyers and "Advocate of the Poor" according to the Catholic Church, had studied there. The prohibition by the Pope of teaching of Roman Law limited, however, its growth, to the benefit of the nearby University of Orléans, where numerous important French people studied law. In 1679, King Louis authorized the teaching of Roman Law. Numerous French intellectuals and revolutionary, like Voltaire, Diderot and d'Alembert, Robespierre, etc. studied there. Between the French Revolution and its dissolution in 1970, numerous important people in France and in the world taught or studied there, including Victor Hugo, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Tocqueville, and Honoré de Balzac. The faculty of law is also mentioned in classical French literature, in particular in Les Misérables.
At the dissolution of the Sorbonne in 1970, its two main buildings were place du Panthéon and rue d'Assas.[6] Most of its law professors (88 out of 108) decided to perpetuate the faculty of law and economics by creating and joining a university of law offering the same programs within the same two buildings; therefore, they created the "University of Law, Economics and Social Sciences of Paris", now called Panthéon-Assas University.[7][8][9] Likewise, most of the economics professors (35 out of 41) preferred to found the multidisciplinary Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University with professors of the faculty of humanities of Paris and a few professors of law.[9]
Campuses[edit]
In 1680, Louis XIV decided to place the faculty of law at the Royal College.[14]
In 1753, Louis XV decided that a new building would be constructed for the faculty of law on the place du Panthéon. Jacques-Germain Soufflot, alumnus of the faculty who had become the architect of the King designed and supervised the construction. It took place from 1771 to 1773 and the new building opened in 1774.[15]
In the 1950s, a new building was constructed rue d'Assas in Paris. It was designed by Charles Lemaresquier, Alain le Normand and François Carpentier[16] to accommodate the growing number of students at the University of Paris.[17] It was built between 1959 and 1963[16] on the former grounds of Société Marinoni.[18] At the time of its inauguration, its main lecture theatre was the largest in France, with 1,700 seats[19]
The Pope forbade the teaching of Roman law in Paris in 1223 with the decretal Super Specula. Until the reintroduction of Roman Law (civil law) by Louis XIV, people who wanted to learn civil law (Roman Law) and become lawyers would usually go to the nearby faculty of Law of the University of Orléans. Hence, Molière, Calvin, Perrault, Cujas, Rabelais, Fermat, La Boétie and others went to the latter.[11]