Fascist Manifesto

"The Manifesto of the Italian Fasces of Combat" (Italian: "Il manifesto dei fasci italiani di combattimento"), also referred to as the Fascist Manifesto or the San Sepolcro Programme ("Programma di San Sepolcro") being the political platform developed from statements made during the founding of the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento, held in Piazza San Sepolcro in Milan on March 23, 1919.^[1]

It was the initial declaration of the political stance of the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento ("Italian Fasces of Combat")^[2] the movement founded in Milan by Benito Mussolini in 1919 and it is an early expression of fascism known as sansepolcrismo. The Manifesto was co-authored by national syndicalist Alceste de Ambris and the futurist poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti.

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#0__titleDEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#0__subtitleDEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#0__call_to_action.textDEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

with a lowered voting age to 18 years, and voting and electoral office eligibility for all ages 25 and up;

Universal suffrage

on a regional basis;

Proportional representation

Voting for women;

Representation at government level of newly created national councils by economic sector;

The abolition of the (at the time, the Senate, as the upper house of parliament, was by process elected by the wealthier citizens, but were in reality direct appointments by the king. It has been described as a sort of extended council of the crown);

Italian Senate

The formation of a national council of experts for labor, for industry, for transportation, for the public health, for communications, etc. Selections to be made of professionals or of tradesmen with legislative powers, and elected directly to a general commission with ministerial powers.

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#1__titleDEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#1__descriptionDEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

The Manifesto (published in Il Popolo d'Italia on June 6, 1919) is divided into four sections, describing the movement's objectives in political, social, military and financial fields.^[3]

Politically, the Manifesto calls for:

In labor and social policy, the Manifesto calls for:

In military affairs, the Manifesto advocates:

In finance, the Manifesto advocates:

These early positions reflected in the Manifesto would later be characterized by Mussolini in "The Doctrine of Fascism" as "a series of pointers, forecasts, hints which, when freed from the inevitable matrix of contingencies, were to develop in a few years time into a series of doctrinal positions entitling Fascism to rank as a political doctrine differing from all others, past or present."^[4]

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#2__titleDEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#2__descriptionDEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#2__heading--0DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#2__description--0DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

The Manifesto in practice[edit]

Of the Manifesto's proposals, the commitment to corporative organisation of economic interests was to be the longest lasting. Far from becoming a medium of extended democracy, parliament became by law an exclusively Fascist-picked body in 1929; being replaced by the "chamber of corporations" a decade later.

Eight-hour workday was introduced in 1925.^[5]

Fascism's pacifist foreign policy ceased during its first year of Italian government. In September 1923, the Corfu crisis demonstrated the regime's willingness to use force internationally. Perhaps the greatest success of Fascist diplomacy was the Lateran Treaty of February 1929, which accepted the principle of non-interference in the affairs of the Church. This ended the 59-year-old dispute between Italy and the Papacy.

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#3__titleDEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#3__descriptionDEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#3__heading--0DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#3__description--0DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

Definitions of fascism

Communist Manifesto

Manifesto of Futurism

Constitution of Fiume

""

Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals

""

Manifesto of Race

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__titleDEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__subtextDEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__quote--0DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__name--0DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__company_or_position--0DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__quote--1DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__name--1DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__company_or_position--1DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__quote--2DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__name--2DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__company_or_position--2DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__quote--3DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__name--3DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__company_or_position--3DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__quote--4DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__name--4DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__company_or_position--4DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__quote--5DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__name--5DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__company_or_position--5DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__quote--6DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__name--6DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__company_or_position--6DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__quote--7DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__name--7DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#4__company_or_position--7DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__titleDEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__subtextDEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__quote--0DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__name--0DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__company_or_position--0DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__quote--1DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__name--1DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__company_or_position--1DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__quote--2DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__name--2DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__company_or_position--2DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__quote--3DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__name--3DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__company_or_position--3DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__quote--4DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__name--4DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__company_or_position--4DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__quote--5DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__name--5DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#5__company_or_position--5DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#6__titleDEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#6__subtextDEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#6__quote--0DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#6__name--0DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#6__company_or_position--0DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#6__quote--1DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#6__name--1DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#6__company_or_position--1DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#6__quote--2DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#6__name--2DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$

$_$_$DEEZ_NUTS#6__company_or_position--2DEEZ_NUTS$_$_$