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Finite geometry

A finite geometry is any geometric system that has only a finite number of points. The familiar Euclidean geometry is not finite, because a Euclidean line contains infinitely many points. A geometry based on the graphics displayed on a computer screen, where the pixels are considered to be the points, would be a finite geometry. While there are many systems that could be called finite geometries, attention is mostly paid to the finite projective and affine spaces because of their regularity and simplicity. Other significant types of finite geometry are finite Möbius or inversive planes and Laguerre planes, which are examples of a general type called Benz planes, and their higher-dimensional analogs such as higher finite inversive geometries.

Finite geometries may be constructed via linear algebra, starting from vector spaces over a finite field; the affine and projective planes so constructed are called Galois geometries. Finite geometries can also be defined purely axiomatically. Most common finite geometries are Galois geometries, since any finite projective space of dimension three or greater is isomorphic to a projective space over a finite field (that is, the projectivization of a vector space over a finite field). However, dimension two has affine and projective planes that are not isomorphic to Galois geometries, namely the non-Desarguesian planes. Similar results hold for other kinds of finite geometries.

Each two distinct points p and q are in exactly one line.

's axiom:[7] If a, b, c, d are distinct points and the lines through ab and cd meet, then so do the lines through ac and bd.

Veblen

Any line has at least 3 points on it.

– a generalization of a finite projective plane.

Block design

Discrete space

Finite space

Generalized polygon

Incidence geometry

Linear space (geometry)

Near polygon

Partial geometry

Polar space

(1997), Combinatorics of Finite Geometries, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521590140

Batten, Lynn Margaret

Beutelspacher, Albrecht; Rosenbaum, Ute (1998), Projective geometry: from foundations to applications, , ISBN 978-0-521-48364-3, MR 1629468

Cambridge University Press

Collino, Alberto; Conte, Alberto; Verra, Alessandro (2013). "On the life and scientific work of Gino Fano". :1311.7177 [math.HO].

arXiv

Dembowski, Peter (1968), , Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete, Band 44, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 3-540-61786-8, MR 0233275

Finite geometries

Eves, Howard (1963), A Survey of Geometry: Volume One, Boston: Allyn and Bacon Inc.

Hall, Marshall (1943), "Projective planes", , 54 (2), American Mathematical Society: 229–277, doi:10.2307/1990331, ISSN 0002-9947, JSTOR 1990331, MR 0008892

Transactions of the American Mathematical Society

Lam, C. W. H. (1991), , American Mathematical Monthly, 98 (4): 305–318, doi:10.2307/2323798, JSTOR 2323798

"The Search for a Finite Projective Plane of Order 10"

"finite geometry". MathWorld.

Weisstein, Eric W.

Incidence Geometry by Eric Moorhouse

by Terence Tao

Algebraic Combinatorial Geometry

Essay on Finite Geometry by Michael Greenberg

Finite geometry (Script)

Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine

Finite Geometry Resources

J. W. P. Hirschfeld

Books by Hirschfeld on finite geometry

AMS Column: Finite Geometries?

intensive course in 1998

Galois Geometry and Generalized Polygons

Carnahan, Scott (2007-10-27), , Secret Blogging Seminar, notes on a talk by Jean-Pierre Serre on canonical geometric properties of small finite sets.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

"Small finite sets"

at the Wayback Machine (archived August 17, 2010)

“Problem 31: Kirkman's schoolgirl problem”

on MathOverflow.

Projective Plane of Order 12