n_b = Total amount of substance before fluid loss

Osm_b = Body before loss (almost equal to plasma osmolality of 275-299 milli-osmoles per kilogram^[4])

osmolarity

TBW_b = before loss (approximately 60% of body weight, or using tritiated water or deuterium)

Total body water

the increase in blood pH that occurs as a result of fluid losses

Contraction alkalosis