Franco-Ottoman alliance
The Franco-Ottoman alliance, also known as the Franco-Turkish alliance, was an alliance established in 1536 between Francis I, King of France and Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire. The strategic and sometimes tactical alliance was one of the longest-lasting and most important foreign alliances of France, and was particularly influential during the Italian Wars. The Franco-Ottoman military alliance reached its peak with the Invasion of Corsica of 1553 during the reign of Henry II of France.[1][2]
As the first non-ideological alliance in effect between a Christian and Muslim state, the alliance attracted heavy controversy for its time and caused a scandal throughout Christendom.[3][4] Carl Jacob Burckhardt (1947) called it "the sacrilegious union of the lily and the crescent".[5] It lasted intermittently for more than two and a half centuries,[6] until the Napoleonic campaign in Ottoman Egypt, in 1798–1801.
French–Habsburg rivalry
Habsburg–Persian alliance
International relations, 1648–1814
Turco-Calvinism
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