Katana VentraIP

Escaped plant

An escaped plant is a cultivated plant that has escaped from agriculture, forestry or garden cultivation and has become naturalized in the wild. Usually not native to an area, escaped plants may become invasive.[2] Therefore, escaped plants are the subject of research in invasion biology.[3]

Some ornamental plants have characteristics which allow them to escape cultivation and become weedy in alien ecosystems with far-reaching ecological and economic consequences. Escaped garden plants may be called garden escapes[4] or escaped ornamentals.[5] Sometimes, their origins can even be traced back to botanical gardens.

Agriophyte: Refers to plant species that have invaded natural or near-natural vegetation and can survive there without human intervention. Established in their new natural habitats, they remain part of natural vegetation even after human influence has ceased, and are independent of humans in their continued existence.[22] Examples in Central Europe are waterweed, Douglas fir and Japanese knotweed

[21]

Alien: A non native species introduced by man.: 1123 

[11]

Archaeophyte: An alien species introduced by human activity long ago, such as the introduced by the Romans in Germany and now part of natural vegetation,[23] and the opium and field poppies.[11]: 93–94 

sweet chestnuts

Epecophyte: Species of recent appearance, usually numerous and constant in the country, but confined to artificial habitats, such as and ruderal vegetation. They are dependent on humans for existence that their habitats require constant renewal.[24]

meadows

: Species that are only introduced inconsistently, that die briefly from culture or that would disappear again without constant replenishment of seeds. In other words, they can establish themselves temporarily, but they are not in a position to meet all the conditions relating to the territory. A cold winter, or an unusual drought, can lead to the death of these plants; most of the time, they are not able to fight against the local flora in extreme conditions.[25]

Ephemerophyte

Hemerochory

Neophyte: An alien species introduced by man after 1500 AD. : 1130 

[11]

Escaped plants can fall within the definition of, and may have a relation to, these botanical terminologies below:

Iceplant refugees along the California Coast

Iceplant refugees along the California Coast

Dyer's woad's escape to disturbed roadsides

Dyer's woad's escape to disturbed roadsides

Red valerian finding refuge atop old walls

Red valerian finding refuge atop old walls

Castor bean usually finds refuge on wastelands

Castor bean usually finds refuge on wastelands

Tiger lily occurs as a garden escapee in Eastern U.S..

Tiger lily occurs as a garden escapee in Eastern U.S..

Buddleja self-sown along a railroad

Buddleja self-sown along a railroad

Oxalis latifolia has escaped gardens through seed dispersal.

Oxalis latifolia has escaped gardens through seed dispersal.

Mother of millions finding refuge in Dapeng Fortress, Shenzhen

Mother of millions finding refuge in Dapeng Fortress, Shenzhen

Volunteer plant

Adventitious plant

Archaeophyte

Assisted colonization

Hemerochory

Neophyte

Angelika Lüttig, Juliane Kasten (2003): Hagebutte & Co: Blüten, Früchte und Ausbreitung europäischer Pflanzen. Fauna, Nottuln. ISBN 3-93-598090-6.

Christian Stolz (2013): Archäologische Zeigerpflanzen: Fallbeispiele aus dem Taunus und dem nördlichen Schleswig-Holstein. Plants as indicators for archaeological find sites: Case studies from the Taunus Mts. and from the northern part of Schleswig-Holstein (Germany). Schriften des Arbeitskreises Landes- und Volkskunde 11.

Herrando-Moraira, S., Nualart, N., Herrando-Moraira, A. et al. Climatic niche characteristics of native and invasive Lilium lancifolium. Sci Rep 9, 14334 (2019).

Climatic niche characteristics of native and invasive Lilium lancifolium

ESCAPED GARDEN PLANTS AS A KEY THREATENING PROCESS

Escape from confinement or garden escape (pathway cause)