Germans in Czechoslovakia (1918–1938)
The German-speaking population in the interwar Czechoslovak Republic, 23.6% of the population at the 1921 census,[1] usually refers to the Sudeten Germans, although there were other German ethno-linguistic enclaves elsewhere in Czechoslovakia (e.g. Hauerland or Zips) inhabited by Carpathian Germans (including Zipser Germans or Zipser Saxons), and among the German-speaking urban dwellers there were ethnic Germans and/or Austrians as well as German-speaking Jews. 14% of the Czechoslovak Jews considered themselves Germans in the 1921 census, but a much higher percentage declared German as their colloquial tongue during the last censuses under the Austro-Hungarian Empire.[2]
Carpathian Germans and Sudeten Germans[edit]
The terms Carpathian Germans and Sudeten Germans are relatively recent and were not traditionally used in the past. The former was coined by historian and ethnologue Raimund Friedrich Kaindl in the early 20th century. The latter was coined in 1904 by journalist and politician Franz Jesser and was used mostly after 1919.
in Bohemia
in Slovakia
in Carpathian Ruthenia