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Head

A head is the part of an organism which usually includes the ears, brain, forehead, cheeks, chin, eyes, nose, and mouth, each of which aid in various sensory functions such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste. Some very simple animals may not have a head, but many bilaterally symmetric forms do, regardless of size.

This article is about heads in general. For the heads of humans, see Human head. For other uses, see Head (disambiguation).

Head

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Heads develop in animals by an evolutionary trend known as cephalization. In bilaterally symmetrical animals, nervous tissue concentrate at the anterior region, forming structures responsible for information processing. Through biological evolution, sense organs and feeding structures also concentrate into the anterior region; these collectively form the head.

Mid-sagittal section of a human skull, by Leonardo da Vinci, c. 1489

Mid-sagittal section of a human skull, by Leonardo da Vinci, c. 1489

Transection of a human head, by Thomas Bartholin, 1673

Transection of a human head, by Thomas Bartholin, 1673

The human head is an anatomical unit that consists of the skull, hyoid bone and cervical vertebrae. The term "skull" collectively denotes the mandible (lower jaw bone) and the cranium (upper portion of the skull that houses the brain).


Sculptures of human heads are generally based on a skeletal structure that consists of a cranium, jawbone, and cheekbone. Though the number of muscles making up the face is generally consistent between sculptures, the shape of the muscles varies widely based on the function, development, and expressions reflected on the faces of the subjects.[3]


Proponents of identism believe that the mind is identical to the brain. Philosopher John Searle asserts his identist beliefs, stating "the brain is the only thing in the human head". Similarly, Dr. Henry Bennet-Clark has stated that the head encloses billions of "miniagents and microagents (with no single Boss)".[4]

"To be " - to be overly full of oneself

big-headed

"To " – to reach a critical stage and require immediate action[15]

come to a head

"To " – to criticize someone strongly[16]

bite someone's head off

"" – cannot understand something[17]

Can't make head or tail of something

"A " – an early start that provides an advantage over others[18]

head start

" above someone or something" – better than someone or something in some way[19]

Head and shoulders

"To want someone's " – to want someone severely punished[20]

head on a platter

"To " – to continually try to achieve something without success[21]

bang your head against a brick wall

"To have one's " – to not pay attention to what is happening around one because one is so absorbed by one's own thoughts[22][23]

head in the clouds

Nerves of the human head, from Gray's Anatomy, 1858

Nerves of the human head, from Gray's Anatomy, 1858

Head of St. John the Baptist by Andrea Vaccaro, oil on canvas, 17th century

Head of St. John the Baptist by Andrea Vaccaro, oil on canvas, 17th century

Sculpture of the beheaded Saint Solange, patron saint of the French province of Berry

Sculpture of the beheaded Saint Solange, patron saint of the French province of Berry

Patron saints of Zürich, fresco, c. 1400–1425

Patron saints of Zürich, fresco, c. 1400–1425

Heraldic depiction of a bison head cabossed

Heraldic depiction of a bison head cabossed

Cephalic disorder

Cephalic flexure

Cephalic index

Cephalic phase

Cephalic presentation

Cephalic vein

 – an artwork by Chinese contemporary artist and political commentator Ai Weiwei

Circle of Animals/Zodiac Heads

 – a characteristic of having the head of a dog or of a jackal. It is a widely attested mythical phenomenon existing in many forms and contexts.

Cynocephaly

 – a type of harp often surmounted by a carven animal head, often a swan

Khutang

 – in some religious beliefs, the condition or quality of having the head of an animal, commonly used to refer the depiction in art of humans (or deities) with animal heads

Theriocephaly

Lieberman, Daniel E. (3 May 2011). . Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-05944-3.

Evolution of the Human Head