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Hedwig and the Angry Inch (musical)

Hedwig and the Angry Inch is a rock musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Trask and a book by John Cameron Mitchell. The musical follows Hedwig Robinson, a genderqueer East German singer of a fictional rock and roll band. The story draws on Mitchell's life as the child of a U.S. Army major general who once commanded the U.S. sector of occupied West Berlin. The character of Hedwig was inspired by a German divorced U.S. Army wife who was Mitchell's family babysitter and moonlighted as a prostitute at her trailer park home in Junction City, Kansas. The music is steeped in the androgynous 1970s glam rock style of David Bowie (who co-produced the Los Angeles production of the show), as well as the work of John Lennon and early punk performers Lou Reed and Iggy Pop.

This article is about the musical. For the film, see Hedwig and the Angry Inch (film).

Hedwig and the Angry Inch

The musical opened off-Broadway in 1998, and won the Obie Award and Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Off-Broadway Musical. The production ran for two years, and was remounted with various casts by the original creative team in other US cities.[1] In 2000, the musical had a West End production, and it has been produced throughout the world in hundreds of stage productions.


In 2014, the show saw its first Broadway incarnation, opening that April at the Belasco Theatre and winning the year's Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical. The production closed on September 13, 2015. A national tour of the show began at San Francisco's Golden Gate Theatre in October 2016 before closing at the Kennedy Center in July 2017.[2]

History[edit]

The character of Hedwig was originally a supporting character in the piece. She was loosely inspired by a German female babysitter/prostitute who worked for Mitchell's family when he was a teenager in Junction City, Kansas. The character of Tommy, originally conceived as the main character, was based on Mitchell himself: both were gay, the child of an army general, deeply Roman Catholic, and fascinated with mythology. Hedwig became the story's protagonist when Trask encouraged Mitchell to showcase their earliest material in 1994 at NYC's drag-punk club Squeezebox, where Trask headed the house band and Mitchell's boyfriend, Jack Steeb, played bass.[3]


They agreed the piece should be developed through band gigs in clubs rather than in a theater setting in order to preserve a rock energy. Mitchell was deeply influenced by Squeezebox's roster of drag performers who performed rock covers. The setlists of Hedwig's first gigs included many covers with lyrics rewritten by Mitchell to tell Hedwig's story: Fleetwood Mac's "Oh Well"; Television's "See No Evil"; Wreckless Eric's "Whole Wide World"; Yoko Ono's "Death of Samantha"; Pere Ubu's "Non-Alignment Pact"; Cher's "Half Breed"; David Bowie's "Boys Keep Swinging"; Mott the Hoople's "All the Young Dudes"; and the Velvet Underground's "Femme Fatale." A German glam rendition of Debby Boone's "You Light Up My Life" once served as the musical's finale.[4]


Mitchell's second gig was as fill-in host at Squeezebox on a bill featuring singer Deborah Harry of Blondie. It was for this occasion that Mike Potter first designed Hedwig's trademark wig, which was initially constructed from toilet paper rolls wrapped with synthetic blond hair.[5] Mitchell, Trask, and the band Cheater (Jack Steeb, Chris Wielding, Dave McKinley, and Scott Bilbrey) continued to workshop material at venues such as Fez Nightclub and Westbeth Theater Center for four years before premiering the completed musical Off-Broadway in 1998.


Mitchell, who himself came out as non-binary in 2022, has explained that Hedwig is not a trans woman, but a genderqueer character.[6] "She's more than a woman or a man," he has said. "She's a gender of one and that is accidentally so beautiful."[7] He also stated that, while Hedwig is meant to be a queer voice, she is not meant to be specifically transgender: "[The sex change operation is] not a choice. Hedwig doesn't speak for any trans community, because she was ... mutilated."[8]

Synopsis[edit]

The concept of the stage production is that the audience is watching genderqueer rock singer Hedwig Robinson's musical act as she follows rockstar Tommy Gnosis' (much more successful) tour around the country. Occasionally Hedwig opens a door onstage to listen to Gnosis's concert, which is playing in an adjoining venue. Gnosis is recovering from an incident that nearly ruined his career, having crashed his car into a school bus while high and receiving oral sex from none other than Hedwig. Capitalizing on her notoriety from the incident, Hedwig determines to tell the audience her story ("Tear Me Down").


She is aided and hindered by her assistant, back-up singer and husband, Yitzhak. A Jewish drag queen from Zagreb, Yitzhak has an unhealthy, codependent relationship with Hedwig. Hedwig verbally abuses him throughout the evening, and it becomes clear that she is threatened by his natural talent, which eclipses her own. She describes how she agreed to marry him only after extracting a promise from him to never perform as a woman again, and he bitterly resents her treatment of him. (To further the musical's theme of blurred gender lines, Yitzhak is often played by a female actor.)


Hedwig tells her life story, which began when she was Hansel Schmidt, a "slip of a girlyboy" growing up in East Berlin. Raised by an emotionally distant single mother after her father, an American soldier, abandoned the family, Hansel takes solace in her love of western rock music. She becomes fascinated with a story called "The Origin of Love", based on Aristophanes's speech in Plato's Symposium. It explains that three sexes of human beings once existed: "children of the Sun" (man and man attached), "children of the Earth" (woman and woman attached), and "children of the Moon" (man and woman attached). Each were once round, two-headed, four-armed, and four-legged beings. Angry gods split these early humans in two, leaving the separated people with a lifelong yearning for their other half. Hansel is determined to search for her other half, but is convinced she will have to travel to the West to do so.


This becomes possible when, in her 20s, she meets Luther Robinson, an American soldier ("Sugar Daddy") who convinces her to begin dressing in drag. Luther falls in love with Hansel and the two decide to marry. This plan will allow Hansel to leave communist East Germany for the capitalist West. Hansel's mother, Hedwig, gives Hansel her name and passport and finds a doctor to perform a genital reassignment surgery. However, the operation is botched, and Hansel's surgically constructed vagina heals closed, leaving Hedwig with a dysfunctional one-inch mound of flesh between her legs, "with a scar running down it like a sideways grimace on an eyeless face" ("Angry Inch").


Hedwig goes to live in Junction City, Kansas, as Luther's wife. On their first wedding anniversary, Luther leaves Hedwig for a man. That same day, it is announced that the Berlin Wall has fallen and Germany will reunite, meaning Hedwig's sacrifice was for nothing. Hedwig recovers from the separation by creating a more glamorous, feminine identity for herself ("Wig in a Box") and forming a rock band she calls The Angry Inch.


Hedwig befriends the brother of a child she babysits, shy and misunderstood Christian teenager Tommy Speck, who is fascinated by a song she writes with him in mind ("Wicked Little Town"). They collaborate on songs and begin a relationship. Their songs are a success, and Hedwig gives him the stage name Tommy Gnosis. Hedwig believes that Tommy is her soulmate and that she cannot be whole without him, but he is disgusted when he discovers her "inch" and abandons her ("The Long Grift"). He goes on to become a wildly successful rock star with the songs Hedwig wrote alone and with him. The "internationally ignored" Hedwig and her band the Angry Inch are forced to support themselves by playing coffee bars and dives.


Hedwig grows more erratic and unstable as the evening progresses, until she finally breaks down, stripping off her wig, dress, and make-up, forcing Yitzhak to step forward and sing ("Hedwig's Lament"/"Exquisite Corpse"). At the height of her breakdown, she seems to transform into Tommy Gnosis, who both begs for and offers forgiveness in a reprise of the song she wrote for him ("Wicked Little Town (Reprise)"). Hedwig, out of costume, finds acceptance within herself, giving her wig to Yitzhak. At peace, Hedwig departs the stage as Yitzhak takes over her final song, dressed fabulously in drag ("Midnight Radio").

Hedwig: , Donovan Leitch, Ally Sheedy, Kevin Cahoon, Matt McGrath

Michael Cerveris

10 September 1999, Premiere at Halle Kalk under the direction of . Gerd Köster translated the piece together withset designer Herbert Schäfer and played the title role. Frank Hocker took over the musical direction and played the guitarist "Skshp". 70 performances, guest appearance at the theater festival in Berlin.

Torsten Fischer

In season 1, episode 5 of the 2019 television series , two main characters plan to attend a performance of Hedwig and the Angry Inch while wearing costumes from the musical, as part of a yearly tradition.[93]

Sex Education

In 2020, the television series based their musical episode from the fourth season titled "Chapter Seventy-Four: Wicked Little Town" on Hedwig and the Angry Inch.[94]

Riverdale

During a musical-inspired runway on episode 5 of of RuPaul's Drag Race UK, contestant Cheddar Gorgeous presented a runway look inspired by Hedwig and the Angry Inch.

series 4

Type O Negative's 2003 album contains a cover of "Angry Inch".

Life Is Killing Me

Themes and analysis[edit]

The musical explores queer identity and challenges the notion of rock culture as being separate from live theatre.[95] It adds to the increasing number of mainstream films and media that questions dichotomous views on sex and gender. Hedwig and the Angry Inch also provides a space for openly queer performers in this alternative theatre movement and punk subculture that is often labelled as queercore.[96] Instead of a conventional transgender narrative that looks at an individual's account of gender dysphoria, Hedwig and the Angry Inch focuses on the main character's journey of finding love "by looking within."[97] Academics[98] have also recognised the link between Hedwig's search for her 'other half' and Plato's 'Origin of Love', one of Hedwig's numbers. In league with the Western emphasis on individualism, Hedwig and the Angry Inch questions what it means to be divided in an individualist society. As Mitchell, director of the film adaptation, acknowledges, through recurring motifs of "the divided self, the divided city of Berlin…divided gender…"[99] the theme of dualism pervades the entire musical.

Reception[edit]

The musical was praised by David Fricke of Rolling Stone as "the first rock musical that truly rocks".[100] The show also attracted many fans in the music world.[101] The show's authenticity, and its use of characters outside the usual hetero-normative constraints of theatre, was also remarked upon.[102][101]

Fandom[edit]

Fans of the play and film refer to themselves as "Hedheads". In Korea and Japan, a number of teen idols and respected actors have played the role and inspired a large number of young, female Hedheads.

1998

Original off-Broadway Cast

2000 Movie Soundtrack

2002 "Wig" Cleveland Public Theatre Cast

2003 (tribute album)

Wig in a Box

2004 UK Atrocity Tour cast

2005 Original Korean Cast

2005 Peruvian Cast (Hedwig Y la Pulgada Furiosa)

2006 Korean Cast

2006 Original Australian Cast

2014 Original Broadway Cast

Song covers[edit]

In 2003, Chris Slusarenko's Off Records released an album called Wig in a Box, a charity tribute album which also included new material adding to the mythology of Hedwig. Performers included Frank Black and The Breeders. Slusarenko said that he fielded questions from Kim Deal of The Breeders about Black, her former bandmate in The Pixies, with whom she'd had limited conversation since the band's breakup in 1993. They made contact soon after, and Pixies reunited the following spring. Other bands who participated in "Wig in a Box" were Yo La Tengo featuring Yoko Ono, Sleater-Kinney featuring Fred Schneider (of The B-52's), Jonathan Richman, Rufus Wainwright, Polyphonic Spree, Spoon, Imperial Teen, Bob Mould, Cyndi Lauper with The Minus Five (featuring Peter Buck of R.E.M.), The Bens (Ben Folds, Ben Lee and Ben Kweller), They Might Be Giants, and Robyn Hitchcock. Trask and Mitchell completed an unfinished Tommy Gnosis song (left over from the musical's development days) called "Milford Lake" (sung by Mitchell) and included it. The CD also features comedian Stephen Colbert reciting the spoken introduction to Tear Me Down. The profits of this album benefitted The Hetrick-Martin Institute, home of the Harvey Milk High School, a New York City public school for gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender and questioning youth who have experienced discrimination and violence in other public schools or at home and are at risk of not completing their secondary education.


"Follow My Voice: With the Music of Hedwig", a documentary about the making of the "Wig in a Box" benefit cd, profiled students from the Harvey Milk School. It was directed by Katherine Linton and produced by the Sundance Channel and is now available on DVD.


The gothic metal band Type O Negative covered "Angry Inch" on their 2003 album Life Is Killing Me.


Meat Loaf covered "Tear Me Down" that same year on his album Couldn't Have Said It Better, modifying some of the lyrics (notably the spoken section about the Berlin Wall) so that the song is instead about Texas and Meat Loaf's own life.


One of the bonus tracks of Damn Skippy, "Pirate In A Box" by Lemon Demon, is a parody of Wig In a Box.


Ben Jelen covered Hedwig's version of "Wicked Little Town" on his 2004 album Give It All Away.


Future Kings of Spain covered "Angry Inch" for the b-side of their 2003 single, "Hanging Around".


The Brazilian glam band Star 61 covered "Angry Inch" with lyrics in Portuguese (Polegada Irada) for their first 2005 demo album.


Dar Williams, who is a college friend of composer Stephen Trask, covered "Midnight Radio" on her 2008 album Promised Land.


Constantine Maroulis covered "Midnight Radio" on his debut solo album, Constantine, in 2007.

Official Broadway website

at the Internet Broadway Database

​Hedwig and the Angry Inch​

at the Internet Off-Broadway Database

​Hedwig and the Angry Inch​

Hedwig.com.au Official site of the Australian production of Hedwig

Hedwig in a Box Official fan club

Official site of the German production Bremen 2014 of Hedwig

Official Facebook of the German production Bremen 2014 of Hedwig

Archived 2013-04-22 at the Wayback Machine

Official site of the German production Berlin 2013, 2014 of Hedwig

Official Facebook of the German production Berlin 2013, 2014 of Hedwig

Official site of the German production Frankfurt 2010, 2011 of Hedwig

Archived 2021-02-10 at the Wayback Machine

Hedwig in Cleveland official site

Hedwig Brazil