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Henry Hawley

Henry Hawley (12 January 1685 – 24 March 1759) was a British army officer who served in the wars of the first half of the 18th century. He fought in a number of significant battles, including the Capture of Vigo in 1719, Dettingen, Fontenoy and Culloden.

For others of this name, see Hawley baronets and Henry Hawley (governor).

Henry Hawley

(1685-01-12)12 January 1685
Westminster, London

24 March 1759(1759-03-24) (aged 74)
West Green House, Hampshire

St Mary's Church, Hartley Wintney

 Great Britain

 British Army

1702–1748

Lieutenant general

4th Dragoons

During the Jacobite rising of 1745, he was recalled to Britain and appointed commander in Scotland in December, replacing Sir John Cope. In January 1746, he was defeated at the Battle of Falkirk Muir, although it did not damage his career in the same way. The Duke of Cumberland took over and Hawley led the cavalry at Culloden in April, a victory that ended the Rising.


Although a courageous and capable commander of cavalry, Hawley was also a strict disciplinarian, referred to by contemporaries as 'Hangman Hawley' or 'Lord Chief Justice.'[1] While this referred to his disciplinary methods, there is evidence he bears some responsibility for the killing of Jacobite wounded after Culloden. He returned to Flanders in July 1746, and when the War of the Austrian Succession ended in 1748, he was appointed Governor of Inverness; in 1752, he became Governor of Portsmouth, near his home in Hartley Wintney, where he died in March 1759.

Baker-Smith, Veronica (2008). Royal Discord: The Family of George II. Athena Press.  978-1847489296.

ISBN

Black, Jeremy (1998). Britain As A Military Power, 1688-1815. Routledge.  978-1857287721.

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Camp, Anthony (2007). Royal Mistresses and Bastards Fact and Fiction 1714-1936. Anthony Camp.  978-0950330822.

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Dalton, Charles (1904). English army lists and commission registers, 1661-1714 Volume IV. Eyre & Spottiswood.

Guy, Alan (1985). Economy and Discipline: Officership and the British Army, 1714–63. Manchester University Press.

Harbron, John D (2004). Trafalgar and the Spanish Navy The Spanish Experience of Sea Power. Conway Maritime Press.  978-0851774770.

ISBN

Houlding, JA (2008). "Bland, Humphrey (1685/6–1763)". (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2607. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

Massie, Alistair (2004). "Hawley, Henry". (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12696. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

Prebble, John (1963). Culloden (2002 ed.). Pimlico.  978-0712668200.

ISBN

Reid, Stuart (2014). Sheriffmuir 1715. Frontline Books.  978-1848327320.

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Riding, Jacqueline (2016). Jacobites: A New History of the 45 Rebellion. Bloomsbury.  978-1408819128.

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Royle, Trevor (2016). Culloden; Scotland's Last Battle and the Forging of the British Empire. Little, Brown.  978-1408704011.

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Shaw, AW, ed. (1934). Warrants etc.: January 1699, 16-31 in Calendar of Treasury Books, Volume 14, 1698-1699. HMSO.

Tucker-Jones, Anthony (2018). The Killing Game: A Thousand Years of Warfare in Twenty Battles. History Press.  978-0750983488.

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