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Hindu nationalism

Hindu nationalism has been collectively referred to as the expression of social and political thought, based on the native spiritual and cultural traditions of the Indian subcontinent. "Hindu nationalism" is a simplistic translation of हिन्दू राष्ट्रवाद (Hindū Rāṣṭravād). It is better described as "Hindu polity".[1]

This article is about various Hindu nationalist mobilisations in the last two centuries. For present day Hindu nationalism, see Hindutva.

The native thought streams became highly relevant in Indian history when they helped form a distinctive identity in relation to the Indian polity[2] and provided a basis for questioning colonialism.[3] These also provided inspiration to Indian nationalists during the independence movement based on armed struggle,[4] coercive politics,[5] and non-violent protests.[6] They also influenced social reform movements and economic thinking in India.[5]


Today, Hindutva (meaning "Hinduness") is a dominant form of Hindu nationalist politics in India. As a political ideology, the term Hindutva was articulated by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1923.[7] The Hindutva movement has been described as a variant of "right-wing extremism"[8] and as "almost fascist in the classical sense", adhering to a concept of homogenised majority and cultural hegemony.[9] Some analysts dispute the "fascist" label, and suggest Hindutva is an extreme form of "conservatism" or "ethnic absolutism".[10] Some have also described Hindutva as a separatist ideology.[11][12] Hindutva is championed by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the Hindu Nationalist volunteer organisation Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), Sanatan Sanstha,[7] the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), and other organisations in an ecosystem called the Sangh Parivar.[13]

1914/1921 The Positive Background of Hindu Sociology

[90]

1916 The beginning of Hindu culture as world-power (A.D. 300-600)

[91]

1916 Chinese Religion Through Hindu Eyes

[92]

1918 Hindu achievements in exact science a study in the history of scientific development

[93]

Akhand Bharat

Civilization state

Ethnic relations in India

Greater India

Hindu revolution

Hinduism in India

History of India

Indianisation

Indocentrism

Indomania

Indosphere

List of Hindu nationalist political parties

List of Hindu organisations

Religion in India

Religious violence in India

Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir

Saffron terror

Pradhan, Kumar L. (2012), , New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, p. 278, ISBN 978-81-8069-813-2

Thapa Politics in Nepal: With Special Reference to Bhim Sen Thapa, 1806–1839

Skinner, Debra; Pach III, Alfred; Holland, Dorothy (1998). Selves in Time and Place: Identities, Experience, and History in Nepal. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.  978-0-8476-8599-8.

ISBN

Messerschmidt, Donald Alan (1992). . Sahayogi Press.

Muktinath: Himalayan pilgrimage, a cultural & historical guide

Dharam Vir (1988). . Northern Book Centre. ISBN 978-81-85119-39-7.

Education and Polity in Nepal: An Asian Experiment

Borgström, Bengt-Erik (1980), , Vikas House, ISBN 978-0-7069-0997-5

The patron and the panca: village values and pancayat democracy in Nepal

Stone, Linda (1988), , E. Mellen, ISBN 978-0-88946-060-7

Illness Beliefs and Feeding the Dead in Hindu Nepal: An Ethnographic Analysis

Kara, Siddharth (2012), , Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-52801-6

Bonded Labor: Tackling the System of Slavery in South Asia

Graham, Bruce Desmond (3 December 2007), , Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-05374-7

Hindu Nationalism and Indian Politics: The Origins and Development of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh

Singh, Neerja (28 July 2015), , SAGE Publications, ISBN 978-93-5150-266-1

Patel, Prasad and Rajaji: Myth of the Indian Right

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Voice of Dharma

. Indiafacts. 20 February 2015.

"Hindu contemporary activism"

Damodharan, Dipin (1 August 2011). . American Chronicle. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2011.

"Hindu Nation: The Undisputed Legacy of Every Indian"

Punj, Balbir K. . South Asian Journal. Archived from the original on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 21 June 2010.

"Hindu Rashtra"