History of Nicaragua

Nicaragua is a nation in Central America. It is located about midway between Mexico and Colombia, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. Nicaragua ranges from the Caribbean Sea on the nation's east coast, and the Pacific Ocean bordering the west. Nicaragua also possesses a series of islands and cays located in the Caribbean Sea.

Nicaragua's name is derived from Nicarao, the name of the Nahuatl-speaking tribe which inhabited the shores of Lake Nicaragua before the Spanish conquest of the Americas, and the Spanish word agua, meaning water, due to the presence of the large Lake Cocibolca (or Lake Nicaragua) and Lake Managua (or Lake Xolotlán), as well as lagoons and rivers in the region.

1894: Month-long occupation of

Bluefields

1896: Marines land in port of

Corinto

1898: Marines land at port of

San Juan del Sur

1899: Marines land at port of Bluefields

1907: "Dollar Diplomacy" protectorate set up

1910: Marines land in Bluefields and Corinto

1912-33: Bombing, 20-year occupation, fought guerrillas

1981-90: CIA directs exile (Contra) revolution, plants harbor mines against government

Because of the strategic importance of Nicaragua in the hemisphere, the United States (US) made numerous military interventions to protect what it believed were its interests in the region:^[9]

José Antonio Lacayo de Briones y Palacios

List of presidents of Nicaragua

(1986 International Court of Justice judgement)

Nicaragua v. United States

Politics of Nicaragua

Timeline of Managua

(1994)

UNAPA

General:

Oleg Ignatiev, "The Storm of Tiscapa", in Borovik and Ignatiev, The Agony of a Dictatorship. Progress Publishers, 1979; English translation, 1980. Covers the rebellion against Somoza.

Library of Congress (United States), Country Study: Nicaragua, 1993.

Andrés Pérez, , in Gregory Wirick and Robert Miller (ed.s) Canada and Missions for Peace: Lessons from Nicaragua, Cambodia and Somalia. IDRC (Canada), 1998. The middle part of the document linked to is a good general history from about 1850 to the 1990s.

"Nicaragua: History, social conflict, and missions for peace"

. (2001). El País Bajo mi Piel

Belli, Gioconda

Belli, Humberto. (1985). Breaking Faith: The Sandinista Revolution and Its Impact on Freedom and Christian Faith in Nicaragua. Crossway Books/The Puebla Institute.

The Contras' Valley Forge: How I View the Nicaraguan Crisis, Policy Review magazine, The Heritage Foundation, Summer 1988.

Bermudez, Enrique

Black, George. Triumph of the People: The Sandinista Revolution in Nicaragua. London: Zed Press, 1981.

Christian, Shirley. Nicaragua, Revolution In the Family. New York: Vintage Books, 1986.

Cox, Jack. Requiem in the Tropics: Inside Central America. UCA Books, 1987.

. Somoza. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1981.

Diederich, Bernard

Kagan, Robert (1996). . New York: The Free Press. ISBN 978-0-02-874057-7.

Twilight Struggle: American Power and Nicaragua, 1977-1990

Kirkpatrick, Jean. Dictatorships and Double Standards. Touchstone, 1982.

Knight, Charles, ed. (1866). "Republic of Nicaragua". Geography. . Vol. 3. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433000064802.

English Cyclopaedia

Moore, John Norton, The Secret War in Central America: Sandinista Assault on World Order. University Publications of America, 1987.

, ed. (1881). "Nicaragua". Bibliotheca Americana. Vol. 13. New York. OCLC 13972268.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Sabin, Joseph

Woodward, Ralph Lee. Nicaragua. Oxford, England; Santa Barbara, Calif.: Clio Press, 1994.

Article discussing American media inaccurate polling in 1990 election

International Court of Justice

Archived 2009-08-02 at the Wayback Machine

United Nations General Assembly resolution

. This article was written in 1987.

Article discussing history behind American funding of the Contra-rebels

Archived 2018-11-17 at the Wayback Machine