History of the Jews in Austria
The history of the Jews in Austria probably begins with the exodus of Jews from Judea under Roman occupation.[2][3][4][5][6] There have been Jews in Austria since the 3rd century CE. Over the course of many centuries, the political status of the community rose and fell many times: during certain periods, the Jewish community prospered and enjoyed political equality, and during other periods it suffered pogroms, deportations to concentration camps and mass murder, and antisemitism. The Holocaust drastically reduced the Jewish community in Austria and only 8,140 Jews remained in Austria according to the 2001 census. Today, Austria has a Jewish population of 10,300 which extends to 33,000 if Law of Return is accounted for, meaning having at least one Jewish grandparent.[1]
Antiquity[edit]
Jews have been in Austria since at least the 3rd century CE. In 2008 a team of archeologists discovered a third-century CE amulet in the form of a gold scroll with the words of the Jewish prayer Shema Yisrael (Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord is one) inscribed on it in the grave of a Jewish infant in Halbturn.[7] It is considered to be the earliest surviving evidence of a Jewish presence in what is now Austria.[8] It is hypothesized that the first Jews immigrated to Austria following the Roman legions after the Roman occupation of Israel. It is theorized that the Roman legions who participated in the occupation and came back after the First Jewish–Roman War brought back Jewish prisoners.[9]
Chorus Master and Conductor Metropolitan Opera New York
Kurt Adler
Austria–Israel relations
List of Austrian Jews
History of the Jews in Salzburg
History of the Jews in Vienna
History of the Jews in Germany
History of the Jews in Switzerland
Beller, Steven. Vienna and the Jews, 1867-1938: A cultural history (Cambridge UP, 1990)
Fraenke, Josef, ed. "The Jews of Austria: Essays on their Life, History and Destruction". (Valentine Mitchell & Co., London. 1967. 0-85303-000-6
ISBN
Garrabrant, Emilie. "The Stars We Never Saw". Washington, D.C., 2022.
Freidenreich, Harriet Pass. Jewish politics in Vienna: 1918-1938 (Indiana University Press, 1991)
Levy, Richard S., ed. Antisemitism: A historical encyclopedia of prejudice and persecution (2 vol ABC-CLIO, 2005) Vol 1, pp 48–50.
Oxaal, Ivar, Michael Pollak, and Gerhard Botz, eds. Jews, Antisemitism, and Culture in Vienna (Taylor & Francis, 1987)
Rozenblit, Marsha L. The Jews of Vienna, 1867-1914: assimilation and identity (SUNY Press, 1984)
Rozenblit, Marsha L. Reconstructing a national identity: the Jews of Habsburg Austria during World War I (Oxford University Press, 2004)
Silverman, Lisa. Becoming Austrians: Jews and Culture between the World Wars (Oxford UP, 2012)
online
Wistrich, Robert S. The Jews of Vienna in the age of Franz Joseph (Oxford UP, 1989)
Wistrich, Robert S. (2007). Laboratory for World Destruction: Germans And Jews in Central Europe. University of Nebraska Press. 978-0-8032-1134-6.