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Human rights in Eritrea

Human rights in Eritrea are viewed, as of the 2020s, by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) such as Human Rights Watch as among the worst in the world, particularly with regards to freedom of the press.[1][2] Eritrea is a one-party state in which national legislative elections have been repeatedly postponed,[3] the judiciary is weak, and constitutional provisions protecting individual freedom have yet to be fully implemented.[1][4][5] Some Western countries, particularly the United States, accuse the government of Eritrea of arbitrary arrest and detentions and of detaining an unknown number of people without charge for their political activism. Additionally, Eritrean citizens, both men and women, are forcibly conscripted into the military with an indefinite length of service and used as forced labour.[6]

The Eritrean government has continuously dismissed the accusations as politically motivated.[7] As an attempt at reform, Eritrean government officials and NGO representatives have participated in numerous public meetings and dialogues.[8] A new movement called Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea, which aimed at bringing about dialogue between the government and opposition, was formed in early 2009.[9]

Reforms[edit]

Eritrean government officials and NGO representatives have participated in numerous public meetings and dialogues. In these sessions they have answered questions as fundamental as, "What are human rights?", "Who determines what are human rights?", and "What should take precedence, human or communal rights?".[8]


In 2007, the Eritrean government banned female genital mutilation.[39] Regional Assemblies and religious leaders also speak out continuously against the use of female cutting. They cite health concerns and individual freedom as being of primary concern when they say this. Furthermore, they implore rural peoples to cast away this ancient cultural practice.[40][41]


In early 2009, a new movement called Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea aimed at bringing about dialogue between the government and opposition was formed in early 2009. The group consists of ordinary citizens and some people close to the government. The movement was launched at a two-day conference in London, after previous attempts at dialogue failed.[9]

Freedom House[edit]

Eritrea was considered "not free" according to the Freedom House Freedom in the World 2022 report, scoring 1/40 on political rights and 2/60 on civil liberties.[42]

Freedom of press in Eritrea

Freedom of religion in Eritrea

Human trafficking in Eritrea

Refoulement of Eritrean refugees

LGBT rights in Eritrea

Human Rights Concern Eritrea

Politics of Eritrea

by Amnesty International

2023 Human rights report

by Freedom House

Freedom in the World 2012 Report

by Human Rights Watch

World Report 2012

United Nations Human Rights Council Report, 8 June 2015

Report of the commission of inquiry on human rights in Eritrea