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Hybrid kernel

A hybrid kernel is an operating system kernel architecture that attempts to combine aspects and benefits of microkernel and monolithic kernel architectures used in operating systems.[1][2]

Overview[edit]

The traditional kernel categories are monolithic kernels and microkernels (with nanokernels and exokernels seen as more extreme versions of microkernels). The "hybrid" category is controversial, due to the similarity of hybrid kernels and ordinary monolithic kernels; the term has been dismissed by Linus Torvalds as simple marketing.[3]


The idea behind a hybrid kernel is to have a kernel structure similar to that of a microkernel, but to implement that structure in the manner of a monolithic kernel. In contrast to a microkernel, all (or nearly all) operating system services in a hybrid kernel are still in kernel space. There are none of the reliability benefits of having services in user space, as with a microkernel. However, just as with an ordinary monolithic kernel, there is none of the performance overhead for message passing and context switching between kernel and user mode that normally comes with a microkernel.

BeOS

Haiku

Syllable

BSD

DragonFly BSD

[9]

NetWare

Plan 9 from Bell Labs

Inferno

OS/2

[10]

ReactOS

Microkernel

Exokernel

Nanokernel

Monolithic kernel

Single address space operating system

Architecture of Windows NT

XNU

Mark Russinovich (November 23, 2004). . Sysinternals. Archived from the original on March 15, 2006. Retrieved July 24, 2006.

"Inside the Native API"

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