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Hypertensive heart disease

Hypertensive heart disease includes a number of complications of high blood pressure that affect the heart. While there are several definitions of hypertensive heart disease in the medical literature,[1][2][3] the term is most widely used in the context of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding categories. The definition includes heart failure and other cardiac complications of hypertension when a causal relationship between the heart disease and hypertension is stated or implied on the death certificate. In 2013 hypertensive heart disease resulted in 1.07 million deaths as compared with 630,000 deaths in 1990.[4]

Hypertensive heart disease

Cardiology Edit this on Wikidata

According to ICD-10, hypertensive heart disease (I11), and its subcategories: hypertensive heart disease with heart failure (I11.0) and hypertensive heart disease without heart failure (I11.9) are distinguished from chronic rheumatic heart diseases (I05-I09), other forms of heart disease (I30-I52) and ischemic heart diseases (I20-I25). However, since high blood pressure is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease,[5] death rates from hypertensive heart disease provide an incomplete measure of the burden of disease due to high blood pressure.

Fatigue

Irregular or palpitations

pulse

of feet and ankles

Swelling

Weight gain

Nausea

Shortness of

breath

Difficulty sleeping flat in bed ()

orthopnea

and abdominal pain

Bloating

Greater need to at night

urinate

An enlarged heart ()

cardiomegaly

and left ventricular remodeling[5]

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Diminished and silent myocardial ischemia[5]

coronary flow reserve

and accelerated atherosclerosis[5]

Coronary heart disease

Heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (HFNEF), often termed diastolic heart failure[5]

[6]

other cardiac arrhythmias, or sudden cardiac death[5]

Atrial fibrillation

The symptoms and signs of hypertensive heart disease will depend on whether or not it is accompanied by heart failure. In the absence of heart failure, hypertension, with or without enlargement of the heart (left ventricular hypertrophy) is usually symptomless.


Symptoms, signs and consequences of congestive heart failure can include:


Heart failure can develop insidiously over time or patients can present acutely with acute heart failure or acute decompensated heart failure and pulmonary edema due to sudden failure of pump function of the heart. Sudden failure can be precipitated by a variety of causes, including myocardial ischemia, marked increases in blood pressure, or cardiac arrhythmias.

or ischemic heart diseases due to atherosclerosis

Coronary artery disease

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

in athletes

Left ventricular hypertrophy

or heart failure with normal ejection fraction due to other causes

Congestive heart failure

or other disorders of cardiac rhythm due to other causes

Atrial fibrillation

Sleep apnea

Less than 140/90mm Hg in patients with uncomplicated hypertension

Less than 130/85mm Hg in patients with diabetes and those with renal disease with less than 1g/24-hour proteinuria

Less than 125/75mm Hg in patients with renal disease and more than 1 g/24-hour proteinuria

Treatment of

hypertension

Prevention (and, if present, treatment) of or other cardiovascular disease

heart failure

The medical care of patients with hypertensive heart disease falls under 2 categories—[13]