– Inference seeking the simplest and most likely explanation

Abductive reasoning

 – Process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems

Case-based reasoning

 – Reasoning by extrapolation

Casuistry

 – Branch of artificial intelligence aiming to create AI systems with "common sense"

Commonsense reasoning

 – Classification based on observable evidence

Duck test

 – Philosophical idea popularized by Ludwig Wittgenstein

Family resemblance

 – Leaving out of nonessential details

Purposeful omission

 – Instances of subjective experience

Qualia

 – Skills, ideas and experiences

Tacit knowledge

Movie Day at the Supreme Court or "I Know It When I See It": A History of the Definition of Obscenity