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Artificial insemination

Artificial insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterine cavity for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through in vivo fertilization by means other than sexual intercourse. It is a fertility treatment for humans, and is a common practice in animal breeding, including dairy cattle (see frozen bovine semen) and pigs.

"IUI" redirects here. For other uses, see IUI (disambiguation).

Artificial insemination

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Artificial insemination may employ assisted reproductive technology, sperm donation and animal husbandry techniques. Artificial insemination techniques available include intracervical insemination (ICI) and intrauterine insemination (IUI). Where gametes from a third party are used, the procedure may be known as 'assisted insemination'.

Mild controlled ovarian stimulation (COS): there is no control of how many oocytes are at the same time when stimulating ovulation. For that reason, it is necessary to check the amount being ovulated via ultrasound (checking the amount of follicles developing at the same time) and administering the desired amount of hormones.

Ovulation induction: using substances known as ovulation inductors.

Semen capacitation: wash and centrifugation, swim-up, or gradient. The insemination should not be performed later than an hour after capacitation. 'Washed sperm' may be purchased directly from a sperm bank if donor semen is used, or 'unwashed semen' may be thawed and capacitated before performing IUI insemination, provided that the capacitation leaves a minimum of, usually, five million motile sperm.

Luteal phase support: a lack of in the endometrium could end a pregnancy. To avoid that 200 mg/day of micronized progesterone are administered via vagina. If there is pregnancy, this hormone is kept administering until the tenth week of pregnancy.

progesterone

et al., The Artificial Insemination of Cattle (Cambridge, Heffer, 1947, 61pp)

Hammond, John

Detailed description of the different fertility treatment options available

A history of artificial insemination

What are the Ethical Considerations for Sperm Donation?

Archived 2007-10-13 at the Wayback Machine

United States state court rules sperm donor is not liable for children

UK Sperm Donors Lose Anonymity

AI technique in the equine

IntraUterine TuboPeritoneal Insemination (IUTPI)

Archived 2016-08-06 at the Wayback Machine

The Hastings Center's Bioethics Briefing Book entry on assisted reproduction

Annales de Gembloux L´Organisation Scientifique de l Índustrie Animale en URSS, Artificial Insemination in the URSS, by Luis Thomasset, 1936