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James Cook

Captain James Cook FRS (7 November [O.S. 27 October] 1728 – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, cartographer and naval officer famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean and to New Zealand and Australia in particular. He made detailed maps of Newfoundland prior to making three voyages to the Pacific, during which he achieved the first recorded European contact with the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands and the first recorded circumnavigation of New Zealand.

"Captain Cook" redirects here. For other uses, see Captain Cook (disambiguation) and James Cook (disambiguation).

James Cook
FRS

7 November [O.S. 27 October] 1728

Marton, Yorkshire, Kingdom of Great Britain

14 February 1779(1779-02-14) (aged 50)

Kealakekua Bay in present-day Hawaii, U.S.

British

Postgate School, Great Ayton

Explorer, cartographer and naval officer

​
(m. 1762)​

6

Royal Navy

1755–1779

Captain (Post-captain)

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Cook joined the British merchant navy as a teenager and joined the Royal Navy in 1755. He served during the Seven Years' War and subsequently surveyed and mapped much of the entrance to the St. Lawrence River during the siege of Quebec, which brought him to the attention of the Admiralty and the Royal Society. This acclaim came at a crucial moment for the direction of British overseas exploration, and it led to his commission in 1768 as commander of HMS Endeavour for the first of three Pacific voyages.


In these voyages, Cook sailed thousands of miles across largely uncharted areas of the globe. He mapped lands from New Zealand to Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean in greater detail and on a scale not previously charted by Western explorers. He surveyed and named features, and recorded islands and coastlines on European maps for the first time. He displayed a combination of seamanship, superior surveying and cartographic skills, physical courage, and an ability to lead men in adverse conditions.


During his third voyage in the Pacific, Cook encountered the Hawaiian islands in 1779. He was killed while attempting to take hostage Kalaniʻōpuʻu, chief of the island of Hawaii, during a dispute. He left a legacy of scientific and geographical knowledge that influenced his successors well into the 20th century, and numerous memorials worldwide have been dedicated to him. He remains controversial for his occasionally violent encounters with indigenous peoples and there is debate on whether he can be held responsible for paving the way for British imperialism and colonialism.

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New Zealand places named by James Cook

Australian places named by James Cook

European and American voyages of scientific exploration

Exploration of the Pacific

List of places named after Captain James Cook

List of sea captains

(paintings)

Death of Cook

Port-Christmas

, ed. (1968). The Journals of Captain James Cook on His Voyages of Discovery. Vol. I: The Voyage of the Endeavour 1768–1771. Cambridge University Press. OCLC 223185477.

Beaglehole, J. C.

(1974). The Life of Captain James Cook. A & C Black. ISBN 978-0-7136-1382-7.

Beaglehole, John Cawte

Blainey, Geoffrey (2020). Captain Cook's Epic Voyage: the strange quest for a missing continent. Australia: Viking.  978-1-76089-509-9.

ISBN

(2003). Captain Cook: The Life, Death and Legacy of History's Greatest Explorer. Ebury Press. ISBN 978-0-09-188898-5.

Collingridge, Vanessa

Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe (2006). . W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-06259-5.

Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration

Fisher, Robin (1979). . Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-7099-0050-4.

Captain James Cook and his times

Hayes, Derek (1999). . Sasquatch Books. ISBN 978-1-57061-215-2.

Historical Atlas of the Pacific Northwest: Maps of exploration and Discovery

(October 2003). Blue Latitudes: Boldly Going Where Captain Cook Has Gone Before. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0-7475-6455-3.

Horwitz, Tony

(1994). Captain James Cook. Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 978-0-340-82556-3.

Hough, Richard

Kemp, Peter; Dear, I. C. B. (2005). The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea. OUP.  978-0-19-860616-1.

ISBN

Kippis, Andrew (1788). . Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 16 July 2012.

Narrative of the voyages round the world, performed by Captain James Cook; with an account of his life during the previous and intervening periods

(2011). Captain Cook: Master of the Seas. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11421-8.

McLynn, Frank

(1966). Fatal Impact: An Account of the Invasion of the South Pacific, 1767–1840. H Hamilton. ISBN 978-0-241-90757-3.

Moorehead, Alan

(2013). Cook: from Sailor to Legend. ABC Books. ISBN 978-1-4607-0061-7.

Mundle, Rob

Obeyesekere, Gananath (1992). The Apotheosis of Captain Cook: European Mythmaking in the Pacific. Princeton University Press.  978-0-691-05680-7.

ISBN

Obeyesekere, Gananath (1997). (PDF). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05752-1. With new preface and afterword replying to criticism from Sahlins

The Apotheosis of Captain Cook: European Mythmaking in the Pacific

Rigby, Nigel; van der Merwe, Pieter (2002). Captain Cook in the Pacific. National Maritime Museum, London.  978-0-948065-43-9.

ISBN

Robson, John (2004). The Captain Cook Encyclopædia. Random House Australia.  978-0-7593-1011-7.

ISBN

Robson, John (2009). Captain Cook's War and Peace: The Royal Navy Years 1755–1768. University of New South Wales Press.  978-1-74223-109-9.

ISBN

(1985). Islands of history. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73358-6.

Sahlins, Marshall David

Sahlins, Marshall David (1995). How "Natives" Think: About Captain Cook, for example. University of Chicago Press.  978-0-226-73368-5.

ISBN

Sidney, John Baker (1981). The Australian Language: An Examination of the English Language and English Speech as Used in Australia, from Convict Days to the Present. Melbourne: Sun Books.  978-0-7251-0382-8.

ISBN

Stamp, Tom and Cordelia (1978). James Cook Maritime Scientist. Whitby: Caedmon of Whitby Press.  978-0-905355-04-7.

ISBN

Sykes, Bryan (2001). . Norton Publishing: New York City and London. ISBN 978-0-393-02018-2.

The Seven Daughters of Eve

Wagner, A. R. (1972). . London: Phillimore & Co Ltd. ISBN 978-0-85033-022-9.

Historic Heraldry of Britain

(1893). Captain Cook's Journal during his first voyage round the world made in H.M. Bark "Endeavour" 1768–71. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 16 July 2012.

Wharton, W. J. L.

Aughton, Peter (2002). Endeavour: The Story of Captain Cook's First Great Epic Voyage. London: Cassell & Co.  978-0-304-36236-3.

ISBN

(1911). "Cook, James" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). pp. 71–72.

Beazley, Charles Raymond

James Cook: The Journals

, ed. (1986). A Voyage Round the World. Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-05-000180-7. Published first 1777 as: A Voyage round the World in His Britannic Majesty's Sloop Resolution, Commanded by Capt. James Cook, during the Years, 1772, 3, 4, and 5

Forster, Georg

; Byron, John; Wallis, Samuel; Carteret, Philip; Cook, James; Banks, Joseph (1773). An account of the voyages undertaken by the order of His present Majesty for making discoveries in the Southern Hemisphere, and successively performed by Commodore Byron, Captain Wallis, Captain Carteret, and Captain Cook, in the Dolphin, the Swallow, and the Endeavour drawn up from the journals which were kept by the several commanders, and from the papers of Joseph Banks, esq. London: Printed for W. Strahan and T. Cadell. OCLC 9299044. Volume I; Volume II–III.

Hawkesworth, John

Igler, David (2013). The Great Ocean: Pacific Worlds from Captain Cook to the Gold Rush. New York: Oxford University Press.  9780199914951. OCLC 811599695.

ISBN

(1904). The Life and Voyages of Captain James Cook. London; New York: George Newnes Ltd.; Charles Scribner's Sons. OCLC 1836297.

Kippis, Andrew

Richardson, Brian (2005). Longitude and Empire: How Captain Cook's Voyages Changed the World. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.  0-7748-1190-0. OCLC 58930493.

ISBN

Sides, Hampton (2024). The Wide Wide Sea: Imperial Ambition, First Contact, and the Fateful Final Voyage of Captain James Cook. New York: Doubleday.  9780385544764. OCLC 1416012934.

ISBN

. Sydney: Australian Consolidated Press. 1970. OCLC 896726172.

Captain Cook: His Artists • His Voyages: The Daily Telegraph Portfolio of Original Works by Artists Who Sailed with Captain Cook

Thomas, Nicholas (2003). The Extraordinary Voyages of Captain James Cook. New York: Walker & Co.  0-8027-1412-9. OCLC 1030721339.

ISBN

(7 February 2019). "Island Hopping; Reviewed: Captain James Cook: The Journals, selected and edited by Philip Edwards, London, Folio Society, three volumes and a chart of the voyages, 1,309 pp.; and William Frame with Laura Walker, James Cook: The Voyages, McGill-Queen University Press, 224 pp". The New York Review of Books. Vol. LXVI, no. 2. pp. 18–20. Retrieved 4 April 2024.

Uglow, Jenny

(Summer 1956–57). "James Cook, Seaman". Quadrant. 1 (1): 7–16. ISSN 0033-5002.

Villiers, Alan

, ed. (1997). Captain Cook's Voyages: 1768–1779. London: The Folio Society. OCLC 38549967. "A selection of Cook's published journals (about one-fifth of the original)." —OCLC

Williams, Glyndwr

Withey, Lynne (1987). . New York: William Morrow and Company. ISBN 0688051154. OCLC 15488483.

Voyages of Discovery: Captain Cook and the Exploration of the Pacific

Captain Cook Society

Captain Cook historic plaque, Halifax

. The Conversation. 29 April 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020.

"Explorer, navigator, coloniser: revisit Captain Cook's legacy with the click of a mouse"

. The Conversation. 2017–2020. Retrieved 23 December 2020.

"Articles on Captain Cook"

Captain Cook., a poetical illustration to Sherwin's engraving of Nathaniel Dance's portrait by Letitia Elizabeth Landon in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1838.

Map showing locations of Cook landings and Cook monuments in Australia and New Zealand

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